The primary goal of normalization in a relational database is to eliminate data anomalies (such as update, insertion, and deletion anomalies) and improve data integrity by organizing data into separate tables and establishing relationships.

Normalization is a process in database design that aims to eliminate data anomalies and improve data integrity. It involves organizing data into separate related tables, reducing data redundancy, and establishing relationships between tables. The primary goal of normalization in a relational database is to ensure that the data is structured in a way that promotes efficient data storage, retrieval, and maintenance.

Eliminating Data Anomalies and Improving Data Integrity
Normalization helps in eliminating data anomalies by minimizing redundancy and ensuring that each piece of data is stored only once. This helps to maintain data integrity, which means that the data is accurate, consistent, and reliable. By avoiding data redundancy, updates and modifications to the data become easier and less prone to errors. Additionally, normalization helps in preventing inconsistencies and contradictions in the data, which can arise when the same data is stored in multiple locations.

Organizing Data into Separate Tables
Normalization involves breaking down a large table into smaller, more manageable tables. This is achieved by identifying functional dependencies within the data and organizing it into separate tables based on these dependencies. Each table represents a distinct entity or concept within the database. By structuring the data in this way, it becomes easier to manage, query, and update the database.

Reducing Data Redundancy
Redundant data refers to the unnecessary repetition of data within a database. It can lead to several issues, such as increased storage requirements, inconsistency, and data update anomalies. Normalization aims to eliminate or reduce redundancy by ensuring that each piece of data is stored in only one place. This not only saves storage space but also reduces the chances of inconsistencies and update anomalies.

Establishing Relationships Between Tables
Normalization involves establishing relationships between tables through the use of primary keys and foreign keys. These relationships define how the tables are related to each other and allow for the retrieval of related data through joins and queries. By establishing these relationships, the database can maintain data integrity and ensure consistency in the data.

Simplifying Complex Queries
Although simplifying complex queries is not the primary goal of normalization, it is a secondary benefit. By breaking down data into separate tables and establishing relationships between them, queries become more straightforward and efficient. This is because the data is organized in a logical and structured manner, making it easier to retrieve the required information.

In conclusion, the primary goal of normalization in a relational database is to eliminate data anomalies and improve data integrity. It achieves this by organizing data into separate tables, reducing data redundancy, establishing relationships between tables, and simplifying complex queries. Normalization helps in ensuring that the data is accurate, consistent, and easy to manage.