ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) performs arithmetic and logical operations.

ALU performs two types of operations: Arithmetic and Logical

An Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is a crucial component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU). It is responsible for performing arithmetic and logical operations on binary numbers. ALU performs two types of operations: arithmetic operations and logical operations.

Arithmetic Operations:
Arithmetic operations involve mathematical computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The ALU can perform these operations on binary numbers, which are represented using only two digits: 0 and 1. The ALU uses various circuits and logic gates to execute these arithmetic operations.

- Addition: In the case of addition, the ALU takes two binary numbers as input and produces their sum as the output. It adds corresponding bits from the two numbers along with the carry bit from the previous addition.
- Subtraction: Subtraction is performed by taking the two binary numbers as input and producing their difference as the output. The ALU uses a combination of addition and complement operations to perform subtraction.
- Multiplication: Multiplication involves multiplying two binary numbers to produce their product. The ALU uses a combination of addition and shifting operations to perform multiplication.
- Division: Division divides one binary number by another to produce the quotient and remainder. The ALU performs a series of subtraction and shifting operations to calculate the quotient and remainder.

Logical Operations:
Logical operations involve manipulating binary values based on logical conditions. These operations are essential for decision-making and control flow in computer programs. The ALU performs various logical operations, including:

- AND: The ALU performs a bitwise AND operation on the corresponding bits of two binary numbers. The result is 1 only if both input bits are 1; otherwise, the result is 0.
- OR: The ALU performs a bitwise OR operation on the corresponding bits of two binary numbers. The result is 1 if at least one of the input bits is 1; otherwise, the result is 0.
- XOR: The ALU performs a bitwise XOR (exclusive OR) operation on the corresponding bits of two binary numbers. The result is 1 if the input bits are different; otherwise, the result is 0.
- NOT: The ALU performs a bitwise NOT operation on a single binary number. It flips each bit, changing 0 to 1 and 1 to 0.

Overall, the ALU plays a critical role in performing both arithmetic and logical operations, enabling the computer to perform complex calculations and execute logical tasks efficiently.