Introduction:
The decennial publication of the government of India that contains data regarding various aspects of demographic changes in India is the Census.

Explanation:
The Census is a detailed and comprehensive survey conducted by the government of India every ten years. It collects, analyzes, and presents data on various demographic, social, and economic aspects of the country. The Census provides valuable information about the population, including its size, growth rate, distribution, and composition.

Key Points:
Here are some key points about the Census of India:

1. Purpose: The primary objective of the Census is to gather accurate data about the population of India. This data helps in planning and implementing various government policies and programs.

2. Conducted by: The Census is conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India, which operates under the Ministry of Home Affairs. The Commissioner is responsible for the overall conduct and management of the Census.

3. Data Collection: The Census collects data through a door-to-door survey, where enumerators visit every household and record information about individuals and households. The data collected includes details such as age, sex, marital status, educational qualifications, occupation, and more.

4. Demographic Information: The Census provides valuable insights into the demographic characteristics of the population, such as the rural-urban divide, population density, literacy rates, migration patterns, and fertility rates.

5. Socio-Economic Data: In addition to demographic information, the Census also collects data on various socio-economic aspects, including housing conditions, access to amenities like electricity and sanitation, ownership of assets, and more. This data helps in assessing the social and economic development of different regions and communities.

6. Data Dissemination: The Census data is compiled, analyzed, and published in the form of reports, tables, and statistical publications. These publications are made available to the public, researchers, policymakers, and various government departments for reference and analysis.

7. Importance: The Census data is crucial for evidence-based decision making, policy formulation, and resource allocation by the government. It helps in identifying areas that require special attention, planning infrastructure development, targeting welfare schemes, and monitoring social progress.

Conclusion:
The Census of India is a decennial publication that contains data regarding various aspects of demographic changes in the country. It plays a vital role in providing accurate and detailed information about the population, helping in the formulation of government policies and programs.