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Which test can be used to differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary alkanols?
- a)Bromine water test
- b)Lucas test
- c)Tollens' test
- d)Fehling's test
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Most Upvoted Answer
Which test can be used to differentiate between primary, secondary, an...
The Lucas test is employed to distinguish between primary, secondary, and tertiary alkanols based on their reactivity with the Lucas reagent (concentrated sulfuric acid and zinc chloride).
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Which test can be used to differentiate between primary, secondary, an...
Introduction to Alcohol Classification
To differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary alkanols, specific chemical tests can be utilized. The Lucas test is particularly effective in this regard.
What is the Lucas Test?
- The Lucas test involves the reaction of alcohols with Lucas reagent, which is a mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid and zinc chloride.
- This test is based on the formation of alkyl halides from alcohols.
Mechanism of the Lucas Test
- Primary Alcohols: React very slowly with Lucas reagent and may require heating, often producing a precipitate after a long time.
- Secondary Alcohols: React moderately, resulting in the formation of a cloudy solution within a few minutes.
- Tertiary Alcohols: React rapidly, leading to an immediate cloudiness as alkyl halides form quickly.
Why Lucas Test is Effective?
- The rate of reaction in the Lucas test is influenced by the stability of the carbocation formed during the reaction.
- Tertiary carbocations are more stable than secondary, which are in turn more stable than primary. This stability dictates the speed of the reaction:
- Tertiary (fast) > Secondary (moderate) > Primary (slow)
Conclusion
In summary, the Lucas test is a reliable method to distinguish between primary, secondary, and tertiary alkanols based on their reactivity with Lucas reagent. This test allows for the easy identification of alcohol types by observing the speed of the reaction and the formation of cloudiness.
To differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary alkanols, specific chemical tests can be utilized. The Lucas test is particularly effective in this regard.
What is the Lucas Test?
- The Lucas test involves the reaction of alcohols with Lucas reagent, which is a mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid and zinc chloride.
- This test is based on the formation of alkyl halides from alcohols.
Mechanism of the Lucas Test
- Primary Alcohols: React very slowly with Lucas reagent and may require heating, often producing a precipitate after a long time.
- Secondary Alcohols: React moderately, resulting in the formation of a cloudy solution within a few minutes.
- Tertiary Alcohols: React rapidly, leading to an immediate cloudiness as alkyl halides form quickly.
Why Lucas Test is Effective?
- The rate of reaction in the Lucas test is influenced by the stability of the carbocation formed during the reaction.
- Tertiary carbocations are more stable than secondary, which are in turn more stable than primary. This stability dictates the speed of the reaction:
- Tertiary (fast) > Secondary (moderate) > Primary (slow)
Conclusion
In summary, the Lucas test is a reliable method to distinguish between primary, secondary, and tertiary alkanols based on their reactivity with Lucas reagent. This test allows for the easy identification of alcohol types by observing the speed of the reaction and the formation of cloudiness.
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Which test can be used to differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary alkanols?a)Bromine water testb)Lucas testc)Tollens testd)Fehlings testCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for JAMB 2025 is part of JAMB preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the JAMB exam syllabus. Information about Which test can be used to differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary alkanols?a)Bromine water testb)Lucas testc)Tollens testd)Fehlings testCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for JAMB 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Which test can be used to differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary alkanols?a)Bromine water testb)Lucas testc)Tollens testd)Fehlings testCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
Which test can be used to differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary alkanols?a)Bromine water testb)Lucas testc)Tollens testd)Fehlings testCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for JAMB 2025 is part of JAMB preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the JAMB exam syllabus. Information about Which test can be used to differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary alkanols?a)Bromine water testb)Lucas testc)Tollens testd)Fehlings testCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for JAMB 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Which test can be used to differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary alkanols?a)Bromine water testb)Lucas testc)Tollens testd)Fehlings testCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
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