The inventor of X-rays is Wilhem Roentgen.

Explanation:
Wilhem Roentgen, a German physicist, is credited with the discovery of X-rays. He made this groundbreaking discovery in 1895 while experimenting with cathode rays. Roentgen noticed that a fluorescent screen in his lab started to glow even when it was not directly exposed to cathode rays.

Discovery of X-Rays:
Roentgen referred to the mysterious rays causing the fluorescence as "X-rays" because their nature was still unknown. He conducted further experiments and discovered that these rays could pass through solid objects, including human flesh, but were absorbed by denser materials such as bones and metal.

Contributions and Impact:
Roentgen's discovery of X-rays revolutionized the field of medicine and had numerous applications. Here are some of the key contributions and impacts of X-rays:

1. Medical Imaging: X-rays became an essential tool in medical diagnostics. They allow doctors to visualize and diagnose various conditions, including fractures, tumors, and infections, without invasive procedures.

2. Radiation Therapy: X-rays are also used in radiation therapy to treat cancer. High-energy X-rays can destroy cancer cells or hinder their growth, helping in the fight against cancer.

3. Airport Security: X-ray machines are widely used in airport security to scan luggage and identify any suspicious items or illegal substances.

4. Material Analysis: X-ray diffraction techniques are used to analyze the structure and composition of materials, such as crystals and metals. This has significant applications in material science and research.

5. Non-Destructive Testing: X-rays are employed in non-destructive testing to detect flaws or defects in various objects without damaging them. This is particularly useful in industries such as aerospace and manufacturing.

Conclusion:
Wilhem Roentgen's discovery of X-rays has had a profound impact on various fields, especially medicine and technology. His pioneering work laid the foundation for the development of X-ray technology, which continues to advance and benefit society to this day.