Onset of sexual maturity in human beings is called Puberty.

Puberty is a natural and significant stage of development in human beings which marks the onset of sexual maturity. It is a period during which a child's body undergoes several physiological changes, preparing them for reproduction. This process usually occurs during adolescence.

What is Puberty?
Puberty is a complex biological process that involves various hormonal and physical changes in both boys and girls. It is triggered by the release of hormones from the pituitary gland in the brain. These hormones stimulate the development of secondary sexual characteristics and reproductive organs.

Physical Changes during Puberty:
During puberty, both boys and girls experience certain physical changes. These changes include:

1. Development of primary sexual characteristics: Girls experience the growth of breasts and the beginning of menstruation, while boys experience the growth of the testes and the production of sperm.

2. Development of secondary sexual characteristics: Girls develop wider hips, the growth of pubic and underarm hair, and the occurrence of menstruation. Boys experience the growth of facial hair, deepening of the voice, and the growth of pubic and underarm hair.

3. Growth spurt: Both boys and girls experience a rapid growth spurt during puberty. They may experience an increase in height and weight as their bodies grow.

4. Acne: Due to hormonal changes, many adolescents develop acne, which is a common skin condition characterized by pimples and blackheads.

5. Body odor: Increased sweat production and hormonal changes contribute to the development of body odor during puberty.

Emotional and Psychological Changes:
In addition to the physical changes, puberty also brings about emotional and psychological changes in adolescents. These changes may include:

1. Mood swings: Adolescents may experience frequent changes in mood and emotions.

2. Increased sexual curiosity: As they enter puberty, adolescents may develop an increased interest in sexual matters and experience curiosity about their own bodies and those of others.

3. Developing self-identity: Adolescents often go through a period of self-discovery and may question their identity, values, and beliefs.

4. Increased independence: As they mature, adolescents may seek more independence from their parents and develop their own opinions and preferences.

Overall, puberty is a crucial stage of human development that prepares individuals for adulthood and reproduction. It is a time of significant physical, emotional, and psychological changes, and it is important for adolescents to receive support and guidance during this transitional period.