Explanation:
The correct answer is A: Deforestation. Here is a detailed explanation:
Deforestation:
- Deforestation refers to the permanent removal of trees from forests and the conversion of the land for other purposes, such as agriculture, urbanization, or logging.
- It is the process by which forests are destroyed or degraded, leading to the loss of biodiversity, disruption of ecosystems, and negative impacts on climate change.
- Deforestation is often driven by human activities, including illegal logging, unsustainable agricultural practices, and the expansion of infrastructure.
- The disappearance of forests has significant consequences, including the loss of habitat for numerous plant and animal species, reduced carbon sequestration, and increased greenhouse gas emissions.
Afforestation:
- Afforestation is the process of establishing a forest, or stand of trees, in an area where there was no forest.
- Afforestation is the opposite of deforestation and aims to increase forest cover to combat climate change, restore ecosystems, and provide various ecological, economic, and social benefits.
Shelterbelts:
- Shelterbelts are rows of trees or shrubs planted to provide protection from wind and soil erosion.
- They are often used in agricultural areas to mitigate the negative impacts of wind, such as damage to crops and topsoil erosion.
- While shelterbelts can contribute to the conservation of trees and biodiversity, they do not necessarily prevent deforestation or the disappearance of forests.
All of these:
- This option is incorrect because shelterbelts do not refer to the disappearance of forests.
- The correct answer is A: Deforestation, as it specifically addresses the loss and disappearance of forests.
In conclusion, the disappearance of forests is referred to as deforestation. Deforestation is a significant global issue with impacts on biodiversity, climate change, and sustainable development. Efforts to combat deforestation and promote afforestation are crucial for the preservation of forests and the well-being of the planet.

Deforestation: The Disappearance of Forests
Deforestation refers to the permanent destruction or removal of trees and vegetation from an area, leading to the loss of forests. It is a process that involves the conversion of forested land into non-forest land, which can occur due to various reasons including human activities such as logging, agriculture expansion, mining, and urbanization.

Causes of Deforestation:
There are several factors contributing to deforestation, including:

1. Agriculture: The expansion of agricultural activities, such as commercial farming and the establishment of plantations, often leads to large-scale deforestation. Forests are cleared to make way for growing crops or raising livestock.

2. Logging: The demand for timber and wood products drives extensive logging activities, resulting in the removal of trees from forests. This can be done legally or illegally, leading to deforestation.

3. Mining: Mining operations often require clearing large areas of forested land to access mineral deposits. This leads to the destruction of forests and the disruption of ecosystems.

4. Urbanization: Rapid urban growth requires the construction of infrastructure and housing, which often leads to the conversion of forested land into urban areas. This urban expansion contributes to deforestation.

Consequences of Deforestation:
The disappearance of forests has significant environmental, social, and economic consequences:

1. Loss of Biodiversity: Forests are home to a diverse range of plant and animal species. Deforestation disrupts ecosystems, leading to the loss of habitat for numerous species. This can result in the extinction of plant and animal species, leading to a decrease in biodiversity.

2. Climate Change: Trees play a crucial role in regulating the climate by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen through photosynthesis. Deforestation contributes to increased greenhouse gas emissions, as carbon dioxide is released when trees are cut down or burned. This accelerates climate change and global warming.

3. Soil Erosion and Degradation: Tree roots help bind the soil, preventing erosion and maintaining its fertility. Deforestation removes this protective cover, leading to soil erosion, loss of nutrients, and reduced agricultural productivity.

4. Loss of Livelihoods: Many communities depend on forests for their livelihoods, including indigenous peoples and local populations. Deforestation can lead to the displacement of these communities and the loss of their traditional sources of food, medicine, and income.

Conclusion:
Deforestation is a critical environmental issue with wide-ranging impacts. It is essential to raise awareness about the consequences of deforestation and promote sustainable practices to protect and conserve forests for the well-being of present and future generations.