It is a system formed by the interaction of all living beings with each other and with physical and chemical factors of the environment in which they live, and linked by the transfer of energy and materials....

Ecosystem Defined
An ecosystem is a dynamic and complex network of living organisms interacting with each other and their physical environment. It encompasses all the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components that function together as a unit.
Components of an Ecosystem
- Biotic Factors: These include all the living organisms such as plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms. They interact with each other in various ways, including predation, competition, and symbiosis.
- Abiotic Factors: These are the non-living elements such as sunlight, water, soil, air, and temperature. They influence the types of organisms that can thrive in a particular ecosystem.
Interactions in an Ecosystem
- Food Chains and Webs: The flow of energy through an ecosystem is depicted in food chains and webs, illustrating how different organisms depend on one another for energy and nutrients.
- Nutrient Cycling: Ecosystems are characterized by the cycling of nutrients, which involves the transfer of elements like carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus through various biotic and abiotic components.
Importance of Ecosystems
- Biodiversity: Ecosystems support a diverse range of species, which contributes to resilience and stability.
- Services to Humanity: They provide essential services such as clean air, water purification, pollination of plants, and climate regulation.
In summary, ecosystems are intricate systems where living organisms interact with each other and their environment, forming crucial relationships that sustain life on Earth. Understanding these relationships is vital for conservation and sustainable management of natural resources.