The process by which Graffian follicles are formed in the ovary is known as folliculogenesis. This process involves several stages and is crucial for the development and maturation of the egg. Here is a detailed explanation:
1. Formation of Primordial Follicles:
- Primordial follicles are the earliest stage of follicle development.
- They consist of a primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of flattened granulosa cells.
- These follicles are formed during fetal development and remain dormant until puberty.
2. Activation and Growth:
- At the onset of puberty, a small number of primordial follicles are activated each month.
- The activated follicles start to grow and develop into primary follicles.
- The granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte multiply and form multiple layers.
3. Development of Secondary Follicles:
- Primary follicles further develop into secondary follicles.
- The granulosa cells continue to proliferate, forming multiple layers.
- Fluid-filled spaces called antrum begin to appear within the follicle.
- The oocyte grows and becomes surrounded by a layer of specialized granulosa cells known as the cumulus oophorus.
4. Formation of Graffian Follicles:
- Among the secondary follicles, one dominant follicle is selected for further development.
- This dominant follicle continues to grow, while the other follicles undergo degeneration.
- The granulosa cells secrete a hormone called estradiol, which prepares the uterus for potential implantation.
- The mature Graffian follicle is characterized by a large antrum and a bulging cumulus oophorus.
In conclusion, the process of folliculogenesis is responsible for the formation and maturation of Graffian follicles in the ovary. It is a complex process involving the growth and development of follicles from the primordial stage to the mature Graffian stage.