Dynamic Equilibrium between Water and Ice

To understand at which temperature water is in dynamic equilibrium with ice, let's first define what dynamic equilibrium means in this context. Dynamic equilibrium refers to a situation where two opposing processes occur at the same rate, resulting in a stable state. In the case of water and ice, the two opposing processes are freezing and melting.

Understanding the Temperature Scales

Before we proceed, let's quickly understand the different temperature scales mentioned in the options:

- Kelvin (K): The Kelvin scale starts from absolute zero, which is the lowest temperature possible. The freezing point of water is 273.15 K.
- Fahrenheit (°F): The Fahrenheit scale is commonly used in the United States. The freezing point of water is 32 °F.
- Celsius (°C): The Celsius scale is widely used globally. The freezing point of water is 0 °C.

Identifying the Correct Temperature

Now, let's consider each option and determine which temperature corresponds to the dynamic equilibrium between water and ice:

a) 0 Kelvin: This is the absolute zero temperature, where molecular motion ceases. At this temperature, water and ice would not exist in any form. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

b) 100 Kelvin: This temperature is still extremely low and does not allow water to exist in its liquid state. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

c) Zero degree Fahrenheit: While this temperature is above the freezing point of water in the Fahrenheit scale, it is not equivalent to the freezing point in Celsius or Kelvin. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

d) Zero degree centigrade (Celsius): This temperature corresponds to the freezing point of water in the Celsius scale. At 0 °C, water is in dynamic equilibrium with ice, where the rate of freezing and melting is equal. Therefore, this is the correct option.

Conclusion

The temperature at which water is in dynamic equilibrium with ice is zero degree centigrade or 0 °C. This corresponds to the freezing point of water in the Celsius scale. At this temperature, the rate of freezing and melting of water is balanced, resulting in a stable state of dynamic equilibrium.