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ACT Exam  >  ACT Questions  >  Thermal energy transfer can occur through ___... Start Learning for Free
Thermal energy transfer can occur through ______ ways.
  • a)
    2
  • b)
    1
  • c)
    3
  • d)
    0
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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Thermal energy transfer can occur through ______ ways.a)2b)1c)3d)0Corr...
Thermal can transfer through ways, there are namely conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction needs direct contact of particles, convection is possible to fluids and radiation through electromagnetic waves.
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Thermal energy transfer can occur through ______ ways.a)2b)1c)3d)0Corr...
Thermal energy transfer can occur through 3 ways:
- **Conduction**: This is the transfer of thermal energy through direct contact between particles. In this process, heat energy flows from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature. For example, when a metal spoon is placed in a hot cup of tea, the heat is transferred from the tea to the spoon through conduction.
- **Convection**: This is the transfer of thermal energy through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases). In convection, the warmer part of the fluid rises, while the cooler part sinks, creating a circular motion that transfers heat. An example of convection is the heating of a room through a radiator.
- **Radiation**: This is the transfer of thermal energy in the form of electromagnetic waves. Unlike conduction and convection, radiation does not require a medium to transfer heat. Objects emit infrared radiation based on their temperature, and this radiation can be absorbed by other objects, heating them up. An example of radiation is the heat we feel from the sun.
In conclusion, thermal energy transfer can occur through conduction, convection, and radiation, with each mechanism playing a role in everyday heat transfer processes.
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Directions:Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question.PassageStudents conducted an experiment to determine the insulating properties of certain materials. In each trial, “blankets” made of different materials of different thicknesses were wrapped around an aluminum capsule filled with 0.250 L of water at a known initial temperature, Ti , and placed into an oven preheated to a certain temperature.Heat was transferred through the insulating materials from the oven to the water inside the capsule. After 5 minutes, the temperature of the water inside the capsule, Tf , was recorded. The heat flow, measured in joules per second (J/s), is shown in Table 1. (Note: In each trial, the same size and shape of aluminum capsule were used. One trial was done with no insulation around the aluminum capsule.)Q.Materials differ in their thermal conductivity: the higher the thermal conductivity, the greater the heat flow through the corresponding thickness of the insulating material. According to Trials 4 through 11, which of the following statements about relative thermal conductivities is NOT true?

There are two types of forces that occur with all substances on Earth. Intramolecular forces occur between atoms in a molecule, while intermolecular forces occur between neighboring molecules. Intermolecular forces can be dipole-dipole forces, hydrogen bonding, or London dispersion forces.Professor 1:Water molecules represent an example of hydrogen bonding due to the attraction between the hydrogen atoms and the oxygen atoms in the molecule. This strong dipole-dipole occurs due to lone pairs present on such atoms as Fluorine, Nitrogen, and Oxygen, which are able to pair more closely to the hydrogen atom in another nearby molecule. Water can be present in a solid, liquid, or gaseous state on Earth depending on the competition between the strength of intermolecular bonds and the thermal energy of the system. In 1873, a Dutch scientist, Van der Waals derived an equation that included both the force of attraction between the particles of a gas and the volume of the particles at high pressures. This equation led to a better fit for experimental data than the Ideal Gas Law.Professor 2:Water is the only substance on Earth that we routinely encounter as a solid, liquid, and gas. At low temperatures, the water molecules lock into a rigid structure, but as the temperature increases, the average kinetic energy of the water molecules increases and the molecules are able to move more creating its other natural states of matter. The higher the temperature, the more likely water is to be a gas. Water is proof of the kinetic theory, which assumes that there is no force of attraction between the particles of the gas state. The best fit for experimental data involving water in a gaseous form is found by using the Ideal Gas Law, since there is no interaction between the gaseous molecules. This law accounts for all of the forces that occur with gases on Earth.Q. With which of the following statements would both professors agree?

There are two types of forces that occur with all substances on Earth. Intramolecular forces occur between atoms in a molecule, while intermolecular forces occur between neighboring molecules. Intermolecular forces can be dipole-dipole forces, hydrogen bonding, or London dispersion forces.Professor 1:Water molecules represent an example of hydrogen bonding due to the attraction between the hydrogen atoms and the oxygen atoms in the molecule. This strong dipole-dipole occurs due to lone pairs present on such atoms as Fluorine, Nitrogen, and Oxygen, which are able to pair more closely to the hydrogen atom in another nearby molecule. Water can be present in a solid, liquid, or gaseous state on Earth depending on the competition between the strength of intermolecular bonds and the thermal energy of the system. In 1873, a Dutch scientist, Van der Waals derived an equation that included both the force of attraction between the particles of a gas and the volume of the particles at high pressures. This equation led to a better fit for experimental data than the Ideal Gas Law.Professor 2:Water is the only substance on Earth that we routinely encounter as a solid, liquid, and gas. At low temperatures, the water molecules lock into a rigid structure, but as the temperature increases, the average kinetic energy of the water molecules increases and the molecules are able to move more creating its other natural states of matter. The higher the temperature, the more likely water is to be a gas. Water is proof of the kinetic theory, which assumes that there is no force of attraction between the particles of the gas state. The best fit for experimental data involving water in a gaseous form is found by using the Ideal Gas Law, since there is no interaction between the gaseous molecules. This law accounts for all of the forces that occur with gases on Earth.Q. Which of these statements made by professor 2 is not contradicted by professor 1?

There are two types of forces that occur with all substances on Earth. Intramolecular forces occur between atoms in a molecule, while intermolecular forces occur between neighboring molecules. Intermolecular forces can be dipole-dipole forces, hydrogen bonding, or London dispersion forces.Professor 1:Water molecules represent an example of hydrogen bonding due to the attraction between the hydrogen atoms and the oxygen atoms in the molecule. This strong dipole-dipole occurs due to lone pairs present on such atoms as Fluorine, Nitrogen, and Oxygen, which are able to pair more closely to the hydrogen atom in another nearby molecule. Water can be present in a solid, liquid, or gaseous state on Earth depending on the competition between the strength of intermolecular bonds and the thermal energy of the system. In 1873, a Dutch scientist, Van der Waals derived an equation that included both the force of attraction between the particles of a gas and the volume of the particles at high pressures. This equation led to a better fit for experimental data than the Ideal Gas Law.Professor 2:Water is the only substance on Earth that we routinely encounter as a solid, liquid, and gas. At low temperatures, the water molecules lock into a rigid structure, but as the temperature increases, the average kinetic energy of the water molecules increases and the molecules are able to move more creating its other natural states of matter. The higher the temperature, the more likely water is to be a gas. Water is proof of the kinetic theory, which assumes that there is no force of attraction between the particles of the gas state. The best fit for experimental data involving water in a gaseous form is found by using the Ideal Gas Law, since there is no interaction between the gaseous molecules. This law accounts for all of the forces that occur with gases on Earth.Q. Which of the following statements is professor 1 most likely to agree with?

There are two types of forces that occur with all substances on Earth. Intramolecular forces occur between atoms in a molecule, while intermolecular forces occur between neighboring molecules. Intermolecular forces can be dipole-dipole forces, hydrogen bonding, or London dispersion forces.Professor 1:Water molecules represent an example of hydrogen bonding due to the attraction between the hydrogen atoms and the oxygen atoms in the molecule. This strong dipole-dipole occurs due to lone pairs present on such atoms as Fluorine, Nitrogen, and Oxygen, which are able to pair more closely to the hydrogen atom in another nearby molecule. Water can be present in a solid, liquid, or gaseous state on Earth depending on the competition between the strength of intermolecular bonds and the thermal energy of the system. In 1873, a Dutch scientist, Van der Waals derived an equation that included both the force of attraction between the particles of a gas and the volume of the particles at high pressures. This equation led to a better fit for experimental data than the Ideal Gas Law.Professor 2:Water is the only substance on Earth that we routinely encounter as a solid, liquid, and gas. At low temperatures, the water molecules lock into a rigid structure, but as the temperature increases, the average kinetic energy of the water molecules increases and the molecules are able to move more creating its other natural states of matter. The higher the temperature, the more likely water is to be a gas. Water is proof of the kinetic theory, which assumes that there is no force of attraction between the particles of the gas state. The best fit for experimental data involving water in a gaseous form is found by using the Ideal Gas Law, since there is no interaction between the gaseous molecules. This law accounts for all of the forces that occur with gases on Earth.Q. Which of the following statements would professor 2 agree with?

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Thermal energy transfer can occur through ______ ways.a)2b)1c)3d)0Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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