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Which of the following is the strongest hydracid known?
  • a)
    HCN
  • b)
    HClO4
  • c)
    HCl
  • d)
    HNO3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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Which of the following is the strongest hydracid known?a)HCNb)HClO4c)H...
HClO4 which is called Perchloric acid, is the strongest hydracid known and HCN called Formonitrile, is the weakest hydracid known. CsOH called Caesium Hydroxide is the strongest base known.
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In its refined form, iron is a shiny, silver-gray metal; however, when refined iron is exposed to atmospheric conditions for an extended period of time, its surface becomes flaky, pitted, and red- or orange-colored. This process is known as "rusting," and the new flaky, orange or red substance is called "rust."Below, two scientists discuss how rust forms and the composition of rust.Scientist 1:Both water and oxygen are needed for rust to form. Water is an electrolyte, meaning that it allows ions to move within it. When iron comes into contact with water, some iron naturally dissociates into iron ions (Fe2+) and free electrons. Additionally, when atmospheric oxygen (O2) dissolves in water, some oxygen reacts with water to form hydroxide ions (OH-). Because water allows ions to move freely, iron ions and hydroxide ions combine to form a new compound: iron hydroxide. However, iron hydroxide is not a stable compound. Over time, as water evaporates, it changes into a hydrated form of iron oxide. This is rust.Salts can act as catalysts for rust formation, meaning that they speed up the rate at which rust forms. However, rust can form in pure water, in the absence of added salts.Increasing the ambient temperature increases the rate of rust formation. Additionally, increasing the amount of irons surface area that is exposed to water also increases the rate at which rust forms. However, because a layer of rust is porous to water and oxygen, water and oxygen will continue to cause the interior of a piece of iron to rust even after the irons surface has been rusted.Scientist 2:Attack by acids causes rust to form. In water, acids ionize to create positively-charged hydronium (H+) ions and negatively-charged anions. Hydronium ions are electron-deficient; because of this, they attract electrons from iron. This creates iron ions (Fe2+), which are soluble in water. Once dissolved in water, iron ions react with dissolved atmospheric oxygen (O2) to create iron oxide, or rust.Acids can come from a variety of sources. For example, when carbon dioxide in the atmosphere dissolves in water, carbonic acid (H2CO3) is created. Carbonic acid is the most common cause of rusting. However, other environmental sources of acids exist. Rainwater is normally slightly acidic because it has come into contact with molecules in the atmosphere, like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. These molecules also dissolve in water to form acids. Additionally, iron itself may contain impurities such as phosphorous and sulfur, which react with water to produce acids. Both acidic environments and impurities within iron itself create the conditions under which iron rusts.Rusting can be prevented by painting the surface of iron, thus preventing it from coming into contact with water, oxygen, and acids. Iron can also be protected in a process called "galvanizing," which involves coating iron in a thin layer of zinc. Because zinc is more reactive than iron, it is corroded while the iron is protected.Q. Given that all of the following are true, which of the following, if found, provides the strongest evidence against Scientist 1s hypothesis?

Two scientists wanted to test the solubility of different substances. Solubility is a measure of how many moles of a given substance (known as the solut e) can dissolve in a given volume of another substance (known as the solvent). The solvent can also be thought of as the substance present in greater amount, while the solute can be seen as the substance present in lesser amount. The scientists performed the following experiments to investigate this property.Experiment 1The scientists tested the number of moles of several substances that could be completely dissolved in 50mL of water at various temperatures. They made their solutions by slowly adding amounts of each substance to beakers sitting on a hot plate containing water and a stirring rod until no more of the substance dissolved in the solution. The beakers were weighed before and after the additions and the difference in mass was calculated to be the added mass of the substance. The researchers then calculated the number of moles that dissolved for each trial using the molecular mass and the recorded mass for each trial. Results are recorded in Table 1.Table 1Experiment 2In this experiment, the scientists wanted to test the solubility of NaCl in a variety of liquids at several temperatures. Their procedure was similar to that of Experiment 1, but with a range of liquids and only one solid. The results are compiled in Table 2.Table 2Q.In Experiment 2, which of the following combinations of temperature and solvent dissolved the greatest number of moles of NaCl?

Two scientists wanted to test the solubility of different substances. Solubility is a measure of how many moles of a given substance (known as the solut e) can dissolve in a given volume of another substance (known as the solvent). The solvent can also be thought of as the substance present in greater amount, while the solute can be seen as the substance present in lesser amount. The scientists performed the following experiments to investigate this property.Experiment 1The scientists tested the number of moles of several substances that could be completely dissolved in 50mL of water at various temperatures. They made their solutions by slowly adding amounts of each substance to beakers sitting on a hot plate containing water and a stirring rod until no more of the substance dissolved in the solution. The beakers were weighed before and after the additions and the difference in mass was calculated to be the added mass of the substance. The researchers then calculated the number of moles that dissolved for each trial using the molecular mass and the recorded mass for each trial. Results are recorded in Table 1.Table 1Experiment 2In this experiment, the scientists wanted to test the solubility of NaCl in a variety of liquids at several temperatures. Their procedure was similar to that of Experiment 1, but with a range of liquids and only one solid. The results are compiled in Table 2.Table 2Q.Which of the following correctly ranks the solutes from Experiment 1 in decreasing order of solubility in water at 50C?

Directions:Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question.PassageSeveral scientists considered some different environmental factors and their influence on the growth of certain bacteria. The following experiments used Salmonella bacteria to measure the effect of pH levels, nutrients, and temperature on the number of bacteria produced within a given time period.Experiment 1A known quantity of Salmonella bacteria was placed in each of 3 Petri dishes with the same nutrient concentration at the same temperature. The pH level of each nutrient concentration in each dish was varied according to Table 1. On the pH scale, 7 represents neutral, values less than 7 indicate an acid, and values greater than 7 indicate a base. The lids of the Petri dishes were replaced after the bacteria were added and the dishes were left alone. After 6 hours, the percent growth of Salmonella bacteria was recorded (Table 1).Experiment 2A known quantity of Salmonella bacteria was placed in each of 3 Petri dishes with different nutrient concentrations in the form of organic compounds. The temperature and pH level (neutral 7) were held constant in each sample.The lids of the Petri dishes were replaced after the bacteria were added and the dishes were left alone. After 6 hours, the percent growth of Salmonella bacteria was recorded (Table 2).Experiment 3A known quantity of Salmonella bacteria was placed in each of 3 Petri dishes at different temperatures. The pH level and nutrient concentrations were held constant. The lids of the Petri dishes were replaced after the bacteria were added and the dishes were left alone. After 6 hours, the percent growth of Salmonella bacteria was recorded (Table 3).Q.Which of the following was the independent variable in Experiment 3?

Directions:Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question.PassageNATURAL SCIENCE: The Eating Habits of Related PrimatesScientists know very little about the eating habitsof our ancestors who lived over two and a half millionyears ago. To solve this problem, scientists have startedexamining chimpanzees’ hunting behavior and diet to(5) find clues about our own prehistoric past.It is not difficult to determine why studying chim-panzees might be beneficial. Modern humans andchimpanzees are actually very closely related. Expertsbelieve that chimpanzees share about 98.5 percent of(10) our DNA sequence. If this is true, humans are moreclosely related to chimpanzees than to any other animalspecies.In the early 1960s, Dr. Jane Goodall beganstudying chimpanzees in Tanzania. Before the 1960s,(15) scientists believed that chimpanzees were strictvegetarians. It was Goodall who first reported that meatwas a natural part of the chimpanzee diet. In fact,Goodall discovered that chimpanzees are actually veryproficient hunters. Individual chimpanzees have been(20) known to hunt and eat more than 150 small animalseach year. Among the chimpanzees’ favorite prey arethe red colobus monkey, feral pig, and various smallantelope species. The red colobus monkey is one of themost important animals in the chimpanzees’ diet. In one(25) notable study, the red colobus monkey accounted formore than 80 percent of the animals eaten by one groupof chimpanzees.Despite these findings, scientists still maintain thatchimpanzees are mostly fruit-eating creatures. In fact,(30) meat composes only about 3 percent of the chimpanzeediet. This is substantially less than the quantity of meatconsumed by the average human. Studies show thatchimpanzees do most of their hunting in the dry season.August and September appear to be the most popular(35) months for hunting. During the dry season, food short-ages in the forest cause the chimpanzees’ body weightto drop. Consequently, chimpanzees supplement theirdiets with meat. During the height of the dry season, theestimated meat intake is about 65 grams of meat per day(40) for adult chimpanzees. This is comparable to the quan-tity of meat eaten by modern human societies whosemembers forage when other food sources are scarce.The chimpanzees’ eating habits also closely resemblethose of the early human hunter-gatherers.(45) Humans and chimpanzees are the only membersof the Great Ape family that hunt and eat meat on aregular basis. However, like chimpanzees, humans arenot truly carnivorous creatures. In fact, most ancienthumans ate a diet composed mostly of plants, and even(50) modern humans are considered omnivores because theyeat fruits, vegetables, and meat.Most people assume that food choices are basedsolely on nutritional costs and benefits. Although itis clear that the hunting habits of chimpanzees are(55) guided mostly by nutritional needs, some aspects of thechimpanzees’ behavior are not well explained by nutri-tion alone. Researchers suggest that chimpanzees mighthunt for social gain. For instance, a male chimpanzeemight try to demonstrate his competence to other male(60) chimpanzees by killing prey. Chimpanzees may alsouse meat as a political tool to punish rivals and rewardfriends. However, a study also shows that female chim-panzees that receive large portions of meat after a hunthave healthier and stronger offspring. This indicates(65) that there might be reproductive benefits to eating meatas well.The information that scientists have been able togather regarding chimpanzee hunting behavior is shed-ding some light on the eating habits of our ancestors.(70) Further investigation is needed, however, to pro-vide stronger evidence regarding this aspect of man’sprehistoric past.Q.According to the passage, which of the following statements regarding the eating habits of chimpanzees is true?

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Which of the following is the strongest hydracid known?a)HCNb)HClO4c)HCld)HNO3Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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