Transportation in Animals and Plants:

1. What is transportation in animals and plants?
Transportation is the process through which materials such as nutrients, gases, water, and hormones are transported within the body of an animal or plant. It is essential for the survival and proper functioning of living organisms.

2. How do animals transport substances?
Animals have specialized systems for transportation, such as the circulatory system in vertebrates. The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. It helps transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. Insects have an open circulatory system where the blood, called hemolymph, flows freely in the body cavity.

3. How do plants transport substances?
Plants have a complex transport system consisting of xylem and phloem. Xylem transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves through capillary action and transpiration. Phloem, on the other hand, transports sugars, hormones, and other organic substances from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

4. How does transportation occur in plants?
Transportation in plants occurs through two processes: transpiration and translocation. Transpiration is the loss of water from the leaves through stomata. This creates a suction force that pulls water up through the xylem vessels. Translocation, on the other hand, involves the movement of sugars and other organic substances through the phloem.

Electric Currents:

1. What is an electric current?
An electric current is the flow of electric charge in a conductor. It is measured in amperes (A) and is caused by the movement of electrons.

2. How does electric current flow?
Electric current flows when there is a potential difference (voltage) between two points in a circuit. Electrons flow from the negative terminal to the positive terminal of a battery or power source, creating an electric current.

3. What are conductors and insulators?
Conductors are materials that allow electric current to flow through them easily. Examples include metals like copper and aluminum. Insulators, on the other hand, are materials that do not allow electric current to flow easily. Examples include rubber and plastic.

4. What is the role of switches in electric circuits?
Switches are used to control the flow of electric current in a circuit. When the switch is closed, the circuit is complete, and current can flow. When the switch is open, the circuit is broken, and no current can flow.

In conclusion, transportation in animals and plants is crucial for their survival and proper functioning. Animals have specialized systems like the circulatory system, while plants have xylem and phloem for transportation. Electric currents flow through conductors when there is a potential difference, and switches are used to control the flow of current in circuits.