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Directions: The passage below is followed by some questions based on its content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.
Our digital world depends on the interconnectivity between wireless devices, often battery-free with no direct power supply. Such devices include wireless passive sensors, designed to receive and respond to signals from the environment. These devices can be powered by electromagnetic waves, provided their antenna can efficiently convert waves to energy. When Alexander Graham Bell made the first-ever phone call in 1876, calling his assistant to meet him, the connectivity of today's world would have been well beyond his wildest dreams. Perhaps even in the late 1980s and early 1990s, when the internet as we know it started to emerge, the digital world we have since built would have been unimaginable. Today, we don't just use technology to communicate with each other: we are also finding ways to make devices communicate between themselves to allow us to control our environments. The 'Internet of Things', as it is now called, is the combination of the immense web of sensors, devices, apps, and other technology that are connected and sharing information between them.
To control our world, however, we need to be able to interconnect many devices which, for ease of installation and pleasing design, are usually wireless, including no power supply cables. For environmental reasons, it is also beneficial that these devices are battery-free. Battery-free devices can instead be powered by the electromagnetic waves they receive from the powered devices they are connected to. With the right equipment, the electromagnetic waves sent by the Wi-Fi router could be enough to supply the energy needed to power the motion sensor. Devices whose function is to detect and respond to physical signals from the surrounding environment are called passive sensors. The ability of a passive sensor to harvest energy from the environment depends heavily on the ability of its antenna – which receives electromagnetic waves – to efficiently turn waves into electricity that can power it. As such, a crucial part of improving this remote powering technology involves making the rectifier (the part of the antenna responsible for converting waves to power) work as efficiently as possible.
The rectifier performance can be measured in terms of its voltage conversion efficiency, or its power conversion efficiency, where 'voltage' refers to an electrical potential, and 'power' here refers to the rate at which electrical energy is transferred through an electrical circuit. However, these two quantities are closely interlinked in complex ways, to such an extent that optimising one of these parameters is often done at the expense of the other, and it is not possible to optimise both parameters simultaneously. Dominik Mair and his colleagues at the University of Innsbruck in Austria, have shown in a recent publication that using either voltage or power conversion efficiency as measures of rectifier performance is not feasible. Instead, the team demonstrated that the concept of a 'mean conversion efficiency' (the average of the voltage and power conversion efficiencies) allows optimisation algorithms to find optimum rectifier circuit designs much quicker. Not only that, but the resulting designs also show superior overall performance when compared to previous ones, even with very low power from incoming waves. The growing demand for 'intelligent' devices that are interconnected with each other, allowing us to control our environment, is pushing the development of wireless, battery-free sensors which can gather information and even make decisions or control actuators.
Q. Why does the author state that rectifiers should work 'as efficiently as possible' to improve remote powering technology?
  • a)
    Until the rectifiers function efficiently, they will not be able to connect to other remote devices under IoT mechanism.
  • b)
    Only when the rectifiers work most efficiently, will they be able to generate power by using the wireless signals from other devices.
  • c)
    Rectifiers must work most efficiently, otherwise the devices would not be able to function battery-free and would require a constant power supply.
  • d)
    The devices are of negligible use if their rectifiers are not able to efficiently convert the electromagnetic waves into power that operates the device.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Most Upvoted Answer
Directions: The passage below is followed by some questions based on i...
(A) is neither mentioned nor inferable. Although efficient rectifiers may help, their ability to influence connection with other devices under IoT is not inferable.
(B) Power will be generated irrespective of whether the rectifier is less or more efficient. The point of issue is how efficiently such device will be able to work.
(C) is incorrect as even when constant supply is made, the device may be considered completely wireless, with the feature that such constantly supplied power may be wireless.
(D) is the most direct inference because if the devices are not able to convert waves to power, and that too efficiently, the overall power requirement will be much larger than what these devices would otherwise need.
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Directions: The passage below is followed by some questions based on i...
Understanding Rectifier Efficiency
The importance of rectifier efficiency in remote powering technology stems from its direct impact on the functionality of wireless, battery-free devices.

Key Points on Rectifier Functionality:
- **Role of Rectifiers:** Rectifiers are crucial components that convert electromagnetic waves into usable electrical power for devices. If the rectifier does not function efficiently, the energy harvested from the environment will be insufficient to power the device.
- **Battery-Free Operation:** The objective of developing wireless sensors is to eliminate the need for batteries or constant power supplies. Efficient rectification is essential for these devices to operate solely on the energy derived from incoming electromagnetic waves.
- **Dependence on Energy Harvesting:** Devices equipped with poorly performing rectifiers would struggle to convert available energy into the power needed for operation. Consequently, they would be rendered ineffective in a battery-free context.
- **Impact on Device Performance:** If the rectifiers cannot efficiently convert waves into usable power, the entire premise of battery-free operation collapses. Thus, the devices become negligible in terms of functionality and utility.
In summary, if rectifiers do not operate efficiently, the viability of battery-free devices is compromised, making option D the most accurate response. This signifies that the efficiency of rectifiers is fundamental to the operational success of wireless, battery-free sensors in the Internet of Things (IoT) environment.
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Directions: The passage below is followed by some questions based on its content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.Our digital world depends on the interconnectivity between wireless devices, often battery-free with no direct power supply. Such devices include wireless passive sensors, designed to receive and respond to signals from the environment. These devices can be powered by electromagnetic waves, provided their antenna can efficiently convert waves to energy. When Alexander Graham Bell made the first-ever phone call in 1876, calling his assistant to meet him, the connectivity of todays world would have been well beyond his wildest dreams. Perhaps even in the late 1980s and early 1990s, when the internet as we know it started to emerge, the digital world we have since built would have been unimaginable. Today, we dont just use technology to communicate with each other: we are also finding ways to make devices communicate between themselves to allow us to control our environments. The Internet of Things, as it is now called, is the combination of the immense web of sensors, devices, apps, and other technology that are connected and sharing information between them.To control our world, however, we need to be able to interconnect many devices which, for ease of installation and pleasing design, are usually wireless, including no power supply cables. For environmental reasons, it is also beneficial that these devices are battery-free. Battery-free devices can instead be powered by the electromagnetic waves they receive from the powered devices they are connected to. With the right equipment, the electromagnetic waves sent by the Wi-Fi router could be enough to supply the energy needed to power the motion sensor. Devices whose function is to detect and respond to physical signals from the surrounding environment are called passive sensors. The ability of a passive sensor to harvest energy from the environment depends heavily on the ability of its antenna – which receives electromagnetic waves – to efficiently turn waves into electricity that can power it. As such, a crucial part of improving this remote powering technology involves making the rectifier (the part of the antenna responsible for converting waves to power) work as efficiently as possible.The rectifier performance can be measured in terms of its voltage conversion efficiency, or its power conversion efficiency, where voltage refers to an electrical potential, and power here refers to the rate at which electrical energy is transferred through an electrical circuit. However, these two quantities are closely interlinked in complex ways, to such an extent that optimising one of these parameters is often done at the expense of the other, and it is not possible to optimise both parameters simultaneously. Dominik Mair and his colleagues at the University of Innsbruck in Austria, have shown in a recent publication that using either voltage or power conversion efficiency as measures of rectifier performance is not feasible. Instead, the team demonstrated that the concept of a mean conversion efficiency (the average of the voltage and power conversion efficiencies) allows optimisation algorithms to find optimum rectifier circuit designs much quicker. Not only that, but the resulting designs also show superior overall performance when compared to previous ones, even with very low power from incoming waves. The growing demand for intelligent devices that are interconnected with each other, allowing us to control our environment, is pushing the development of wireless, battery-free sensors which can gather information and even make decisions or control actuators.Q.Why does the author state that rectifiers should work as efficiently as possible to improve remote powering technology?a)Until the rectifiers function efficiently, they will not be able to connect to other remote devices under IoT mechanism.b)Only when the rectifiers work most efficiently, will they be able to generate power by using the wireless signals from other devices.c)Rectifiers must work most efficiently, otherwise the devices would not be able to function battery-free and would require a constant power supply.d)The devices are of negligible use if their rectifiers are not able to efficiently convert the electromagnetic waves into power that operates the device.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Question Description
Directions: The passage below is followed by some questions based on its content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.Our digital world depends on the interconnectivity between wireless devices, often battery-free with no direct power supply. Such devices include wireless passive sensors, designed to receive and respond to signals from the environment. These devices can be powered by electromagnetic waves, provided their antenna can efficiently convert waves to energy. When Alexander Graham Bell made the first-ever phone call in 1876, calling his assistant to meet him, the connectivity of todays world would have been well beyond his wildest dreams. Perhaps even in the late 1980s and early 1990s, when the internet as we know it started to emerge, the digital world we have since built would have been unimaginable. Today, we dont just use technology to communicate with each other: we are also finding ways to make devices communicate between themselves to allow us to control our environments. The Internet of Things, as it is now called, is the combination of the immense web of sensors, devices, apps, and other technology that are connected and sharing information between them.To control our world, however, we need to be able to interconnect many devices which, for ease of installation and pleasing design, are usually wireless, including no power supply cables. For environmental reasons, it is also beneficial that these devices are battery-free. Battery-free devices can instead be powered by the electromagnetic waves they receive from the powered devices they are connected to. With the right equipment, the electromagnetic waves sent by the Wi-Fi router could be enough to supply the energy needed to power the motion sensor. Devices whose function is to detect and respond to physical signals from the surrounding environment are called passive sensors. The ability of a passive sensor to harvest energy from the environment depends heavily on the ability of its antenna – which receives electromagnetic waves – to efficiently turn waves into electricity that can power it. As such, a crucial part of improving this remote powering technology involves making the rectifier (the part of the antenna responsible for converting waves to power) work as efficiently as possible.The rectifier performance can be measured in terms of its voltage conversion efficiency, or its power conversion efficiency, where voltage refers to an electrical potential, and power here refers to the rate at which electrical energy is transferred through an electrical circuit. However, these two quantities are closely interlinked in complex ways, to such an extent that optimising one of these parameters is often done at the expense of the other, and it is not possible to optimise both parameters simultaneously. Dominik Mair and his colleagues at the University of Innsbruck in Austria, have shown in a recent publication that using either voltage or power conversion efficiency as measures of rectifier performance is not feasible. Instead, the team demonstrated that the concept of a mean conversion efficiency (the average of the voltage and power conversion efficiencies) allows optimisation algorithms to find optimum rectifier circuit designs much quicker. Not only that, but the resulting designs also show superior overall performance when compared to previous ones, even with very low power from incoming waves. The growing demand for intelligent devices that are interconnected with each other, allowing us to control our environment, is pushing the development of wireless, battery-free sensors which can gather information and even make decisions or control actuators.Q.Why does the author state that rectifiers should work as efficiently as possible to improve remote powering technology?a)Until the rectifiers function efficiently, they will not be able to connect to other remote devices under IoT mechanism.b)Only when the rectifiers work most efficiently, will they be able to generate power by using the wireless signals from other devices.c)Rectifiers must work most efficiently, otherwise the devices would not be able to function battery-free and would require a constant power supply.d)The devices are of negligible use if their rectifiers are not able to efficiently convert the electromagnetic waves into power that operates the device.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? for CAT 2024 is part of CAT preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the CAT exam syllabus. Information about Directions: The passage below is followed by some questions based on its content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.Our digital world depends on the interconnectivity between wireless devices, often battery-free with no direct power supply. Such devices include wireless passive sensors, designed to receive and respond to signals from the environment. These devices can be powered by electromagnetic waves, provided their antenna can efficiently convert waves to energy. When Alexander Graham Bell made the first-ever phone call in 1876, calling his assistant to meet him, the connectivity of todays world would have been well beyond his wildest dreams. Perhaps even in the late 1980s and early 1990s, when the internet as we know it started to emerge, the digital world we have since built would have been unimaginable. Today, we dont just use technology to communicate with each other: we are also finding ways to make devices communicate between themselves to allow us to control our environments. The Internet of Things, as it is now called, is the combination of the immense web of sensors, devices, apps, and other technology that are connected and sharing information between them.To control our world, however, we need to be able to interconnect many devices which, for ease of installation and pleasing design, are usually wireless, including no power supply cables. For environmental reasons, it is also beneficial that these devices are battery-free. Battery-free devices can instead be powered by the electromagnetic waves they receive from the powered devices they are connected to. With the right equipment, the electromagnetic waves sent by the Wi-Fi router could be enough to supply the energy needed to power the motion sensor. Devices whose function is to detect and respond to physical signals from the surrounding environment are called passive sensors. The ability of a passive sensor to harvest energy from the environment depends heavily on the ability of its antenna – which receives electromagnetic waves – to efficiently turn waves into electricity that can power it. As such, a crucial part of improving this remote powering technology involves making the rectifier (the part of the antenna responsible for converting waves to power) work as efficiently as possible.The rectifier performance can be measured in terms of its voltage conversion efficiency, or its power conversion efficiency, where voltage refers to an electrical potential, and power here refers to the rate at which electrical energy is transferred through an electrical circuit. However, these two quantities are closely interlinked in complex ways, to such an extent that optimising one of these parameters is often done at the expense of the other, and it is not possible to optimise both parameters simultaneously. Dominik Mair and his colleagues at the University of Innsbruck in Austria, have shown in a recent publication that using either voltage or power conversion efficiency as measures of rectifier performance is not feasible. Instead, the team demonstrated that the concept of a mean conversion efficiency (the average of the voltage and power conversion efficiencies) allows optimisation algorithms to find optimum rectifier circuit designs much quicker. Not only that, but the resulting designs also show superior overall performance when compared to previous ones, even with very low power from incoming waves. The growing demand for intelligent devices that are interconnected with each other, allowing us to control our environment, is pushing the development of wireless, battery-free sensors which can gather information and even make decisions or control actuators.Q.Why does the author state that rectifiers should work as efficiently as possible to improve remote powering technology?a)Until the rectifiers function efficiently, they will not be able to connect to other remote devices under IoT mechanism.b)Only when the rectifiers work most efficiently, will they be able to generate power by using the wireless signals from other devices.c)Rectifiers must work most efficiently, otherwise the devices would not be able to function battery-free and would require a constant power supply.d)The devices are of negligible use if their rectifiers are not able to efficiently convert the electromagnetic waves into power that operates the device.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for CAT 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Directions: The passage below is followed by some questions based on its content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.Our digital world depends on the interconnectivity between wireless devices, often battery-free with no direct power supply. Such devices include wireless passive sensors, designed to receive and respond to signals from the environment. These devices can be powered by electromagnetic waves, provided their antenna can efficiently convert waves to energy. When Alexander Graham Bell made the first-ever phone call in 1876, calling his assistant to meet him, the connectivity of todays world would have been well beyond his wildest dreams. Perhaps even in the late 1980s and early 1990s, when the internet as we know it started to emerge, the digital world we have since built would have been unimaginable. Today, we dont just use technology to communicate with each other: we are also finding ways to make devices communicate between themselves to allow us to control our environments. The Internet of Things, as it is now called, is the combination of the immense web of sensors, devices, apps, and other technology that are connected and sharing information between them.To control our world, however, we need to be able to interconnect many devices which, for ease of installation and pleasing design, are usually wireless, including no power supply cables. For environmental reasons, it is also beneficial that these devices are battery-free. Battery-free devices can instead be powered by the electromagnetic waves they receive from the powered devices they are connected to. With the right equipment, the electromagnetic waves sent by the Wi-Fi router could be enough to supply the energy needed to power the motion sensor. Devices whose function is to detect and respond to physical signals from the surrounding environment are called passive sensors. The ability of a passive sensor to harvest energy from the environment depends heavily on the ability of its antenna – which receives electromagnetic waves – to efficiently turn waves into electricity that can power it. As such, a crucial part of improving this remote powering technology involves making the rectifier (the part of the antenna responsible for converting waves to power) work as efficiently as possible.The rectifier performance can be measured in terms of its voltage conversion efficiency, or its power conversion efficiency, where voltage refers to an electrical potential, and power here refers to the rate at which electrical energy is transferred through an electrical circuit. However, these two quantities are closely interlinked in complex ways, to such an extent that optimising one of these parameters is often done at the expense of the other, and it is not possible to optimise both parameters simultaneously. Dominik Mair and his colleagues at the University of Innsbruck in Austria, have shown in a recent publication that using either voltage or power conversion efficiency as measures of rectifier performance is not feasible. Instead, the team demonstrated that the concept of a mean conversion efficiency (the average of the voltage and power conversion efficiencies) allows optimisation algorithms to find optimum rectifier circuit designs much quicker. Not only that, but the resulting designs also show superior overall performance when compared to previous ones, even with very low power from incoming waves. The growing demand for intelligent devices that are interconnected with each other, allowing us to control our environment, is pushing the development of wireless, battery-free sensors which can gather information and even make decisions or control actuators.Q.Why does the author state that rectifiers should work as efficiently as possible to improve remote powering technology?a)Until the rectifiers function efficiently, they will not be able to connect to other remote devices under IoT mechanism.b)Only when the rectifiers work most efficiently, will they be able to generate power by using the wireless signals from other devices.c)Rectifiers must work most efficiently, otherwise the devices would not be able to function battery-free and would require a constant power supply.d)The devices are of negligible use if their rectifiers are not able to efficiently convert the electromagnetic waves into power that operates the device.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?.
Solutions for Directions: The passage below is followed by some questions based on its content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.Our digital world depends on the interconnectivity between wireless devices, often battery-free with no direct power supply. Such devices include wireless passive sensors, designed to receive and respond to signals from the environment. These devices can be powered by electromagnetic waves, provided their antenna can efficiently convert waves to energy. When Alexander Graham Bell made the first-ever phone call in 1876, calling his assistant to meet him, the connectivity of todays world would have been well beyond his wildest dreams. Perhaps even in the late 1980s and early 1990s, when the internet as we know it started to emerge, the digital world we have since built would have been unimaginable. Today, we dont just use technology to communicate with each other: we are also finding ways to make devices communicate between themselves to allow us to control our environments. The Internet of Things, as it is now called, is the combination of the immense web of sensors, devices, apps, and other technology that are connected and sharing information between them.To control our world, however, we need to be able to interconnect many devices which, for ease of installation and pleasing design, are usually wireless, including no power supply cables. For environmental reasons, it is also beneficial that these devices are battery-free. Battery-free devices can instead be powered by the electromagnetic waves they receive from the powered devices they are connected to. With the right equipment, the electromagnetic waves sent by the Wi-Fi router could be enough to supply the energy needed to power the motion sensor. Devices whose function is to detect and respond to physical signals from the surrounding environment are called passive sensors. The ability of a passive sensor to harvest energy from the environment depends heavily on the ability of its antenna – which receives electromagnetic waves – to efficiently turn waves into electricity that can power it. As such, a crucial part of improving this remote powering technology involves making the rectifier (the part of the antenna responsible for converting waves to power) work as efficiently as possible.The rectifier performance can be measured in terms of its voltage conversion efficiency, or its power conversion efficiency, where voltage refers to an electrical potential, and power here refers to the rate at which electrical energy is transferred through an electrical circuit. However, these two quantities are closely interlinked in complex ways, to such an extent that optimising one of these parameters is often done at the expense of the other, and it is not possible to optimise both parameters simultaneously. Dominik Mair and his colleagues at the University of Innsbruck in Austria, have shown in a recent publication that using either voltage or power conversion efficiency as measures of rectifier performance is not feasible. Instead, the team demonstrated that the concept of a mean conversion efficiency (the average of the voltage and power conversion efficiencies) allows optimisation algorithms to find optimum rectifier circuit designs much quicker. Not only that, but the resulting designs also show superior overall performance when compared to previous ones, even with very low power from incoming waves. The growing demand for intelligent devices that are interconnected with each other, allowing us to control our environment, is pushing the development of wireless, battery-free sensors which can gather information and even make decisions or control actuators.Q.Why does the author state that rectifiers should work as efficiently as possible to improve remote powering technology?a)Until the rectifiers function efficiently, they will not be able to connect to other remote devices under IoT mechanism.b)Only when the rectifiers work most efficiently, will they be able to generate power by using the wireless signals from other devices.c)Rectifiers must work most efficiently, otherwise the devices would not be able to function battery-free and would require a constant power supply.d)The devices are of negligible use if their rectifiers are not able to efficiently convert the electromagnetic waves into power that operates the device.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for CAT. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for CAT Exam by signing up for free.
Here you can find the meaning of Directions: The passage below is followed by some questions based on its content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.Our digital world depends on the interconnectivity between wireless devices, often battery-free with no direct power supply. Such devices include wireless passive sensors, designed to receive and respond to signals from the environment. These devices can be powered by electromagnetic waves, provided their antenna can efficiently convert waves to energy. When Alexander Graham Bell made the first-ever phone call in 1876, calling his assistant to meet him, the connectivity of todays world would have been well beyond his wildest dreams. Perhaps even in the late 1980s and early 1990s, when the internet as we know it started to emerge, the digital world we have since built would have been unimaginable. Today, we dont just use technology to communicate with each other: we are also finding ways to make devices communicate between themselves to allow us to control our environments. The Internet of Things, as it is now called, is the combination of the immense web of sensors, devices, apps, and other technology that are connected and sharing information between them.To control our world, however, we need to be able to interconnect many devices which, for ease of installation and pleasing design, are usually wireless, including no power supply cables. For environmental reasons, it is also beneficial that these devices are battery-free. Battery-free devices can instead be powered by the electromagnetic waves they receive from the powered devices they are connected to. With the right equipment, the electromagnetic waves sent by the Wi-Fi router could be enough to supply the energy needed to power the motion sensor. Devices whose function is to detect and respond to physical signals from the surrounding environment are called passive sensors. The ability of a passive sensor to harvest energy from the environment depends heavily on the ability of its antenna – which receives electromagnetic waves – to efficiently turn waves into electricity that can power it. As such, a crucial part of improving this remote powering technology involves making the rectifier (the part of the antenna responsible for converting waves to power) work as efficiently as possible.The rectifier performance can be measured in terms of its voltage conversion efficiency, or its power conversion efficiency, where voltage refers to an electrical potential, and power here refers to the rate at which electrical energy is transferred through an electrical circuit. However, these two quantities are closely interlinked in complex ways, to such an extent that optimising one of these parameters is often done at the expense of the other, and it is not possible to optimise both parameters simultaneously. Dominik Mair and his colleagues at the University of Innsbruck in Austria, have shown in a recent publication that using either voltage or power conversion efficiency as measures of rectifier performance is not feasible. Instead, the team demonstrated that the concept of a mean conversion efficiency (the average of the voltage and power conversion efficiencies) allows optimisation algorithms to find optimum rectifier circuit designs much quicker. Not only that, but the resulting designs also show superior overall performance when compared to previous ones, even with very low power from incoming waves. The growing demand for intelligent devices that are interconnected with each other, allowing us to control our environment, is pushing the development of wireless, battery-free sensors which can gather information and even make decisions or control actuators.Q.Why does the author state that rectifiers should work as efficiently as possible to improve remote powering technology?a)Until the rectifiers function efficiently, they will not be able to connect to other remote devices under IoT mechanism.b)Only when the rectifiers work most efficiently, will they be able to generate power by using the wireless signals from other devices.c)Rectifiers must work most efficiently, otherwise the devices would not be able to function battery-free and would require a constant power supply.d)The devices are of negligible use if their rectifiers are not able to efficiently convert the electromagnetic waves into power that operates the device.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of Directions: The passage below is followed by some questions based on its content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.Our digital world depends on the interconnectivity between wireless devices, often battery-free with no direct power supply. Such devices include wireless passive sensors, designed to receive and respond to signals from the environment. These devices can be powered by electromagnetic waves, provided their antenna can efficiently convert waves to energy. When Alexander Graham Bell made the first-ever phone call in 1876, calling his assistant to meet him, the connectivity of todays world would have been well beyond his wildest dreams. Perhaps even in the late 1980s and early 1990s, when the internet as we know it started to emerge, the digital world we have since built would have been unimaginable. Today, we dont just use technology to communicate with each other: we are also finding ways to make devices communicate between themselves to allow us to control our environments. The Internet of Things, as it is now called, is the combination of the immense web of sensors, devices, apps, and other technology that are connected and sharing information between them.To control our world, however, we need to be able to interconnect many devices which, for ease of installation and pleasing design, are usually wireless, including no power supply cables. For environmental reasons, it is also beneficial that these devices are battery-free. Battery-free devices can instead be powered by the electromagnetic waves they receive from the powered devices they are connected to. With the right equipment, the electromagnetic waves sent by the Wi-Fi router could be enough to supply the energy needed to power the motion sensor. Devices whose function is to detect and respond to physical signals from the surrounding environment are called passive sensors. The ability of a passive sensor to harvest energy from the environment depends heavily on the ability of its antenna – which receives electromagnetic waves – to efficiently turn waves into electricity that can power it. As such, a crucial part of improving this remote powering technology involves making the rectifier (the part of the antenna responsible for converting waves to power) work as efficiently as possible.The rectifier performance can be measured in terms of its voltage conversion efficiency, or its power conversion efficiency, where voltage refers to an electrical potential, and power here refers to the rate at which electrical energy is transferred through an electrical circuit. However, these two quantities are closely interlinked in complex ways, to such an extent that optimising one of these parameters is often done at the expense of the other, and it is not possible to optimise both parameters simultaneously. Dominik Mair and his colleagues at the University of Innsbruck in Austria, have shown in a recent publication that using either voltage or power conversion efficiency as measures of rectifier performance is not feasible. Instead, the team demonstrated that the concept of a mean conversion efficiency (the average of the voltage and power conversion efficiencies) allows optimisation algorithms to find optimum rectifier circuit designs much quicker. Not only that, but the resulting designs also show superior overall performance when compared to previous ones, even with very low power from incoming waves. The growing demand for intelligent devices that are interconnected with each other, allowing us to control our environment, is pushing the development of wireless, battery-free sensors which can gather information and even make decisions or control actuators.Q.Why does the author state that rectifiers should work as efficiently as possible to improve remote powering technology?a)Until the rectifiers function efficiently, they will not be able to connect to other remote devices under IoT mechanism.b)Only when the rectifiers work most efficiently, will they be able to generate power by using the wireless signals from other devices.c)Rectifiers must work most efficiently, otherwise the devices would not be able to function battery-free and would require a constant power supply.d)The devices are of negligible use if their rectifiers are not able to efficiently convert the electromagnetic waves into power that operates the device.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for Directions: The passage below is followed by some questions based on its content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.Our digital world depends on the interconnectivity between wireless devices, often battery-free with no direct power supply. Such devices include wireless passive sensors, designed to receive and respond to signals from the environment. These devices can be powered by electromagnetic waves, provided their antenna can efficiently convert waves to energy. When Alexander Graham Bell made the first-ever phone call in 1876, calling his assistant to meet him, the connectivity of todays world would have been well beyond his wildest dreams. Perhaps even in the late 1980s and early 1990s, when the internet as we know it started to emerge, the digital world we have since built would have been unimaginable. Today, we dont just use technology to communicate with each other: we are also finding ways to make devices communicate between themselves to allow us to control our environments. The Internet of Things, as it is now called, is the combination of the immense web of sensors, devices, apps, and other technology that are connected and sharing information between them.To control our world, however, we need to be able to interconnect many devices which, for ease of installation and pleasing design, are usually wireless, including no power supply cables. For environmental reasons, it is also beneficial that these devices are battery-free. Battery-free devices can instead be powered by the electromagnetic waves they receive from the powered devices they are connected to. With the right equipment, the electromagnetic waves sent by the Wi-Fi router could be enough to supply the energy needed to power the motion sensor. Devices whose function is to detect and respond to physical signals from the surrounding environment are called passive sensors. The ability of a passive sensor to harvest energy from the environment depends heavily on the ability of its antenna – which receives electromagnetic waves – to efficiently turn waves into electricity that can power it. As such, a crucial part of improving this remote powering technology involves making the rectifier (the part of the antenna responsible for converting waves to power) work as efficiently as possible.The rectifier performance can be measured in terms of its voltage conversion efficiency, or its power conversion efficiency, where voltage refers to an electrical potential, and power here refers to the rate at which electrical energy is transferred through an electrical circuit. However, these two quantities are closely interlinked in complex ways, to such an extent that optimising one of these parameters is often done at the expense of the other, and it is not possible to optimise both parameters simultaneously. Dominik Mair and his colleagues at the University of Innsbruck in Austria, have shown in a recent publication that using either voltage or power conversion efficiency as measures of rectifier performance is not feasible. Instead, the team demonstrated that the concept of a mean conversion efficiency (the average of the voltage and power conversion efficiencies) allows optimisation algorithms to find optimum rectifier circuit designs much quicker. Not only that, but the resulting designs also show superior overall performance when compared to previous ones, even with very low power from incoming waves. The growing demand for intelligent devices that are interconnected with each other, allowing us to control our environment, is pushing the development of wireless, battery-free sensors which can gather information and even make decisions or control actuators.Q.Why does the author state that rectifiers should work as efficiently as possible to improve remote powering technology?a)Until the rectifiers function efficiently, they will not be able to connect to other remote devices under IoT mechanism.b)Only when the rectifiers work most efficiently, will they be able to generate power by using the wireless signals from other devices.c)Rectifiers must work most efficiently, otherwise the devices would not be able to function battery-free and would require a constant power supply.d)The devices are of negligible use if their rectifiers are not able to efficiently convert the electromagnetic waves into power that operates the device.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of Directions: The passage below is followed by some questions based on its content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.Our digital world depends on the interconnectivity between wireless devices, often battery-free with no direct power supply. Such devices include wireless passive sensors, designed to receive and respond to signals from the environment. These devices can be powered by electromagnetic waves, provided their antenna can efficiently convert waves to energy. When Alexander Graham Bell made the first-ever phone call in 1876, calling his assistant to meet him, the connectivity of todays world would have been well beyond his wildest dreams. Perhaps even in the late 1980s and early 1990s, when the internet as we know it started to emerge, the digital world we have since built would have been unimaginable. Today, we dont just use technology to communicate with each other: we are also finding ways to make devices communicate between themselves to allow us to control our environments. The Internet of Things, as it is now called, is the combination of the immense web of sensors, devices, apps, and other technology that are connected and sharing information between them.To control our world, however, we need to be able to interconnect many devices which, for ease of installation and pleasing design, are usually wireless, including no power supply cables. For environmental reasons, it is also beneficial that these devices are battery-free. Battery-free devices can instead be powered by the electromagnetic waves they receive from the powered devices they are connected to. With the right equipment, the electromagnetic waves sent by the Wi-Fi router could be enough to supply the energy needed to power the motion sensor. Devices whose function is to detect and respond to physical signals from the surrounding environment are called passive sensors. The ability of a passive sensor to harvest energy from the environment depends heavily on the ability of its antenna – which receives electromagnetic waves – to efficiently turn waves into electricity that can power it. As such, a crucial part of improving this remote powering technology involves making the rectifier (the part of the antenna responsible for converting waves to power) work as efficiently as possible.The rectifier performance can be measured in terms of its voltage conversion efficiency, or its power conversion efficiency, where voltage refers to an electrical potential, and power here refers to the rate at which electrical energy is transferred through an electrical circuit. However, these two quantities are closely interlinked in complex ways, to such an extent that optimising one of these parameters is often done at the expense of the other, and it is not possible to optimise both parameters simultaneously. Dominik Mair and his colleagues at the University of Innsbruck in Austria, have shown in a recent publication that using either voltage or power conversion efficiency as measures of rectifier performance is not feasible. Instead, the team demonstrated that the concept of a mean conversion efficiency (the average of the voltage and power conversion efficiencies) allows optimisation algorithms to find optimum rectifier circuit designs much quicker. Not only that, but the resulting designs also show superior overall performance when compared to previous ones, even with very low power from incoming waves. The growing demand for intelligent devices that are interconnected with each other, allowing us to control our environment, is pushing the development of wireless, battery-free sensors which can gather information and even make decisions or control actuators.Q.Why does the author state that rectifiers should work as efficiently as possible to improve remote powering technology?a)Until the rectifiers function efficiently, they will not be able to connect to other remote devices under IoT mechanism.b)Only when the rectifiers work most efficiently, will they be able to generate power by using the wireless signals from other devices.c)Rectifiers must work most efficiently, otherwise the devices would not be able to function battery-free and would require a constant power supply.d)The devices are of negligible use if their rectifiers are not able to efficiently convert the electromagnetic waves into power that operates the device.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice Directions: The passage below is followed by some questions based on its content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.Our digital world depends on the interconnectivity between wireless devices, often battery-free with no direct power supply. Such devices include wireless passive sensors, designed to receive and respond to signals from the environment. These devices can be powered by electromagnetic waves, provided their antenna can efficiently convert waves to energy. When Alexander Graham Bell made the first-ever phone call in 1876, calling his assistant to meet him, the connectivity of todays world would have been well beyond his wildest dreams. Perhaps even in the late 1980s and early 1990s, when the internet as we know it started to emerge, the digital world we have since built would have been unimaginable. Today, we dont just use technology to communicate with each other: we are also finding ways to make devices communicate between themselves to allow us to control our environments. The Internet of Things, as it is now called, is the combination of the immense web of sensors, devices, apps, and other technology that are connected and sharing information between them.To control our world, however, we need to be able to interconnect many devices which, for ease of installation and pleasing design, are usually wireless, including no power supply cables. For environmental reasons, it is also beneficial that these devices are battery-free. Battery-free devices can instead be powered by the electromagnetic waves they receive from the powered devices they are connected to. With the right equipment, the electromagnetic waves sent by the Wi-Fi router could be enough to supply the energy needed to power the motion sensor. Devices whose function is to detect and respond to physical signals from the surrounding environment are called passive sensors. The ability of a passive sensor to harvest energy from the environment depends heavily on the ability of its antenna – which receives electromagnetic waves – to efficiently turn waves into electricity that can power it. As such, a crucial part of improving this remote powering technology involves making the rectifier (the part of the antenna responsible for converting waves to power) work as efficiently as possible.The rectifier performance can be measured in terms of its voltage conversion efficiency, or its power conversion efficiency, where voltage refers to an electrical potential, and power here refers to the rate at which electrical energy is transferred through an electrical circuit. However, these two quantities are closely interlinked in complex ways, to such an extent that optimising one of these parameters is often done at the expense of the other, and it is not possible to optimise both parameters simultaneously. Dominik Mair and his colleagues at the University of Innsbruck in Austria, have shown in a recent publication that using either voltage or power conversion efficiency as measures of rectifier performance is not feasible. Instead, the team demonstrated that the concept of a mean conversion efficiency (the average of the voltage and power conversion efficiencies) allows optimisation algorithms to find optimum rectifier circuit designs much quicker. Not only that, but the resulting designs also show superior overall performance when compared to previous ones, even with very low power from incoming waves. The growing demand for intelligent devices that are interconnected with each other, allowing us to control our environment, is pushing the development of wireless, battery-free sensors which can gather information and even make decisions or control actuators.Q.Why does the author state that rectifiers should work as efficiently as possible to improve remote powering technology?a)Until the rectifiers function efficiently, they will not be able to connect to other remote devices under IoT mechanism.b)Only when the rectifiers work most efficiently, will they be able to generate power by using the wireless signals from other devices.c)Rectifiers must work most efficiently, otherwise the devices would not be able to function battery-free and would require a constant power supply.d)The devices are of negligible use if their rectifiers are not able to efficiently convert the electromagnetic waves into power that operates the device.Correct answer is option 'D'. 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