The last expedition led by Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is known as the Farewell Pilgrimage or Hajjat al-Wida. It took place in the 10th year of the Islamic calendar, just a few months before the Prophet's passing. This pilgrimage is significant because it was during this time that the Prophet delivered his final sermon, which contained important guidance for the Muslim ummah (community).

1. Background:
Before the Farewell Pilgrimage, the Prophet had received revelations from Allah instructing him to announce to the people that this would be his last pilgrimage. Muslims from different regions began to gather in Mecca to join the Prophet in this important event.

2. Journey to Mecca:
The Prophet and a large number of his companions set out from Medina towards Mecca. Along the way, they stopped at various points to pray and rest. The journey was peaceful, and the Muslims performed all the rituals of Hajj in accordance with the teachings of Islam.

3. Arrival in Mecca:
Upon reaching Mecca, the Prophet performed the tawaf (circumambulation) around the Kaaba and completed all the rites of Hajj. He then delivered his final sermon to the gathering of Muslims, which is considered one of the most important speeches in Islamic history.

4. The Final Sermon:
In his final sermon, the Prophet emphasized the importance of unity, justice, and equality among Muslims. He stressed the rights of women, the prohibition of interest (usury), and the need to avoid all forms of oppression and violence. The sermon also highlighted the significance of following the teachings of Islam and the Quran.

5. Conclusion:
After completing the Hajj rituals and delivering the final sermon, the Prophet returned to Medina. This pilgrimage marked the end of the Prophet's prophethood and his role as the leader of the Muslim ummah. It is considered a significant event in Islamic history and serves as a source of guidance for Muslims worldwide.

In conclusion, the last expedition led by Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is known as the Farewell Pilgrimage. It took place in the 10th year of the Islamic calendar and is significant because it was during this pilgrimage that the Prophet delivered his final sermon. The sermon emphasized important values and teachings of Islam, including unity, justice, and the rights of women. The Farewell Pilgrimage is a crucial event in Islamic history and holds great importance for Muslims worldwide.