Watering the crops in the fields is called ‘irrigation’. Irrigation is done at different intervals. Irrigation should be done in a way in which water does not get wasted. Different sources of irrigation are like- wells, tube-wells, ponds, rivers. Two such methods which conserve water are:(i) Sprinklers: Sprinklers work like fountains. Long perpendicular pipes having rotating nozzles on the top are joined to the main pipe lines at regular distances. When water is supplied, it comes out of these rotating nozzles which sprinkle water in all directions. Limited outflow of water, controls wastage of water. This method is more suitable for uneven and sandy soil.(ii) Drip System: This system allows the water to flow drop by drop at the roots of the plants. It contains a main pipe which has further lateral pipes containing small nozzles for the outflow of the water. Nozzles are such placed that they throw water at the roots of the plants, which saves water from flowing around uselessly. This technique is best suited for watering fruit plants, gardens and trees where availability of water is poor.

Giving water to crops at regular interval are called irrigation . Two methods of irrigation are sprinkler system and drip irrigation system.

Irrigation:

Irrigation is the process of applying controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals. It is essential for crop production in areas with insufficient rainfall or inadequate soil moisture. Irrigation helps to ensure that crops receive the necessary water for optimal growth and productivity.

Methods of Irrigation that Conserve Water:

1. Drip Irrigation:
Drip irrigation is a method where water is delivered directly to the roots of plants through a network of tubes and emitters. This system is designed to minimize water wastage by delivering water precisely where it is needed. Drip irrigation can conserve water by reducing evaporation and runoff. It also helps in controlling weeds and diseases by keeping the foliage dry. Overall, drip irrigation is an efficient method that can save up to 50% more water compared to traditional methods.

2. Rainwater Harvesting:
Rainwater harvesting involves collecting and storing rainwater for future use in irrigation. This method helps to reduce dependence on groundwater and surface water sources. By capturing rainwater, farmers can supplement their irrigation needs without putting additional pressure on existing water sources. Rainwater harvesting systems can range from simple rain barrels to more complex cisterns and storage tanks. This method not only conserves water but also reduces erosion and flooding in agricultural areas.

In conclusion, adopting water-efficient irrigation methods like drip irrigation and rainwater harvesting can help conserve water resources while ensuring sustainable crop production. By implementing these techniques, farmers can minimize water wastage and promote efficient water use in agriculture.