The Indian Freedom Struggle 1870-1947

The Indian Freedom Struggle was a long and arduous journey towards independence from British rule that spanned several decades. It saw the rise of various leaders, movements, and events that played a crucial role in shaping the destiny of India. Let's explore the key aspects of the Indian Freedom Struggle from 1870 to 1947.

Rise of Nationalism
- Formation of Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885 as a platform for political expression and representation of Indian interests.
- Moderates vs Extremists: Moderates like Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale aimed for constitutional reforms, while Extremists like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai adopted more radical approaches.
- Swadeshi and Boycott Movement: The partition of Bengal in 1905 led to widespread protests, with Indians boycotting British goods and promoting indigenous products.

Role of Leaders
- Mahatma Gandhi: Emerged as the preeminent leader of the Indian National Movement. Advocated non-violent civil disobedience and launched various movements like the Salt Satyagraha and Quit India Movement.
- Jawaharlal Nehru: A prominent leader who played a crucial role in shaping the vision of independent India. Became the first Prime Minister of India.
- Subhas Chandra Bose: Led the Forward Bloc and formed the Indian National Army (INA) to fight against British rule.
- Bhagat Singh: A revolutionary who advocated for complete independence. His martyrdom inspired many others to join the freedom struggle.

Movements and Events
- Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922): Led by Gandhi, it aimed to boycott British institutions, courts, and products, leading to mass protests and civil disobedience.
- Salt Satyagraha (1930): Gandhi led the Dandi March to protest against the British monopoly on salt, encouraging Indians to make their own salt.
- Quit India Movement (1942): A mass movement led by Gandhi, demanding an end to British rule. It saw widespread participation and was met with severe repression.

Partition and Independence
- The British announced the partition of India in 1947, leading to the creation of India and Pakistan.
- India gained independence on August 15, 1947, with Jawaharlal Nehru becoming the first Prime Minister of independent India.

The Indian Freedom Struggle was a monumental period in the nation's history, marked by the resilience, sacrifices, and determination of millions of Indians. It laid the foundation for a democratic and independent India, where people could live with freedom and equality.