Principles are universally applicable and accepted.
techniques are the ways to solve the problems

Principles of Management

Principles of management refer to the fundamental guidelines or rules that help managers in making decisions, planning, organizing, and controlling various organizational activities. These principles are derived from research, observation, and experience of successful managers and serve as a foundation for effective management practices. Here are some key characteristics of principles of management:

1. Universal Applicability: Principles of management are applicable to all types of organizations, irrespective of their size, nature, or industry. They provide a general framework that can be adapted and implemented in diverse situations.

2. Flexibility: Management principles are flexible and can be modified and customized to suit specific organizational contexts. Managers have the freedom to apply these principles in a manner that aligns with the unique needs and goals of their organization.

3. Guidelines for Decision Making: Principles of management offer guidelines for decision-making processes. They help managers in evaluating different alternatives, considering potential risks, and making informed choices that contribute to the overall success of the organization.

4. Long-Term Orientation: Management principles focus on long-term success rather than short-term gains. They emphasize sustainable practices, ethical behavior, and the development of a positive organizational culture.

5. Continuous Improvement: Principles of management encourage continuous learning and improvement. Managers are expected to regularly assess their own performance, seek feedback, and adapt their practices to meet evolving challenges and opportunities.

Techniques of Management

Techniques of management, on the other hand, are practical tools and methods that managers use to implement the principles of management effectively. These techniques are specific actions and processes that are employed to achieve desired outcomes. Here are some key characteristics of management techniques:

1. Application of Principles: Management techniques are derived from the principles of management and aim to translate these principles into actionable steps. They provide managers with specific methods to plan, organize, lead, and control organizational activities.

2. Varied Approaches: There are various management techniques available to address different aspects of management, such as strategic planning, budgeting, performance evaluation, team building, and conflict resolution. Each technique serves a specific purpose and requires specialized knowledge and skills.

3. Context-Specific: Management techniques are often context-specific and need to be adapted to suit the unique requirements of an organization. Managers need to analyze their organizational environment, consider the available resources, and select the most appropriate techniques for achieving their goals.

4. Continuous Learning: Just like principles of management, management techniques also evolve over time. Managers need to stay updated with the latest techniques and trends in their respective fields to ensure optimal performance and results.

5. Integration with Technology: With the advancement of technology, management techniques have also incorporated various digital tools and software to enhance efficiency and effectiveness. Techniques such as data analytics, project management software, and communication platforms play a crucial role in modern management practices.

In summary, principles of management provide the foundational concepts and guidelines for effective management, while techniques of management are the practical tools and methods that managers use to implement these principles in their day-to-day activities. Both principles and techniques are essential for successful management practices, and their integration enables managers to achieve organizational goals efficiently.