Introduction:
Shah Jahan, also known as Prince Khurram, was the fifth Mughal emperor of India. He is renowned for building the Taj Mahal, one of the most iconic structures in the world. In order to understand who his mother was, we need to explore the history of the Mughal dynasty.

The Mughal Dynasty:
The Mughal dynasty was established in India in 1526 by Babur, a Turkic-Mongol conqueror. The Mughals were descendants of Timur (Tamerlane) on their father's side and of Genghis Khan on their mother's side. The dynasty lasted for over three centuries and produced several influential emperors, including Akbar the Great, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan.

Shah Jahan's Mother:
Shah Jahan was born on January 5, 1592, in Lahore, which was then part of the Mughal Empire. His mother was known as Princess Jagat Gosain, who later became Nur Jahan after marrying Emperor Jahangir.

Nur Jahan:
Nur Jahan was a powerful and influential empress in the Mughal Empire. She was born as Mehr-un-Nisa in 1577 to a Persian noble family. After the death of her first husband, Sher Afghan, she caught the attention of Emperor Jahangir, who eventually married her in 1611.

Significance of Nur Jahan:
Nur Jahan played a significant role in the administration of the empire. She was politically astute and had a strong influence over Jahangir's decisions. Nur Jahan was known for her patronage of the arts, her architectural projects, and her innovative coinage. During her reign, she also issued imperial orders in her own name, a unique privilege for a Mughal empress.

Conclusion:
To summarize, the mother of Shah Jahan was Princess Jagat Gosain, who later became known as Nur Jahan after her marriage to Emperor Jahangir. Nur Jahan's influence and contributions during her time as empress were substantial, and she played an important role in shaping the Mughal Empire. Shah Jahan, inspired by his mother's legacy, went on to become one of the most well-known emperors in history and left an enduring architectural masterpiece, the Taj Mahal, as a testament to his love for his wife, Mumtaz Mahal.