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What aspect of products do industrial designs focus on?
  • a)
    Technical details of inventions
  • b)
    Aesthetic aspects of products
  • c)
    Geographical origin of products
  • d)
    Confidential information related to business practices
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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What aspect of products do industrial designs focus on?a)Technical det...
Industrial designs focus on the aesthetic aspects of products. They cover both the visual appearance and design features of an article, including the shape, surface, patterns, or colors. Industrial designs contribute to the visual appeal and marketability of products, enhancing their commercial value and consumer appeal. By protecting industrial designs, creators and businesses can prevent unauthorized copying or imitation of their designs, ensuring that they maintain a competitive edge in the market. Industrial designs play a crucial role in product differentiation and branding, helping businesses establish distinctive identities and build customer recognition. An interesting additional fact is that industrial designs are protected through registration with intellectual property offices and typically have a limited duration of protection, ranging from 10 to 25 years depending on the jurisdiction.
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The passage below is accompanied by four questions. Based on the passage, choose the best answer for each question.Many human phenomena and characteristics – such as behaviors, beliefs, economies, genes, incomes, life expectancies, and other things – are influenced both by geographic factors and by non-geographic factors. Geographic factors mean physical and biological factors tied to geographic location, including climate, the distributions of wild plant and animal species, soils, and topography. Non-geographic factors include those factors subsumed under the term culture, other factors subsumed under the term history, and decisions by individual people. . . .[T]he differences between the current economies of North and South Korea . . . cannot be attributed to the modest environmental differences between [them] . . . They are instead due entirely to the different [government] policies . . . At the opposite extreme, the Inuit and other traditional peoples living north of the Arctic Circle developed warm fur clothes but no agriculture, while equatorial lowland peoples around the world never developed warm fur clothes but often did develop agriculture. The explanation is straightforwardly geographic, rather than a cultural or historical quirk unrelated to geography. . . . Aboriginal Australia remained the sole continent occupied only by hunter/gatherers and with no indigenous farming or herding . . . [Here the] explanation is biogeographic: the Australian continent has no domesticable native animal species and few domesticable native plant species. Instead, the crops and domestic animals that now make Australia a food and wool exporter are all non-native (mainly Eurasian) species such as sheep, wheat, and grapes, brought to Australia by overseas colonists.Today, no scholar would be silly enough to deny that culture, history, and individual choices play a big role in many human phenomena. Scholars dont react to cultural, historical, and individual-agent explanations by denouncing "cultural determinism," "historical determinism," or "individual determinism," and then thinking no further. But many scholars do react to any explanation invoking some geographic role, by denouncing "geographic determinism" . . .Several reasons may underlie this widespread but nonsensical view. One reason is that some geographic explanations advanced a century ago were racist, thereby causing all geographic explanations to become tainted by racist associations in the minds of many scholars other than geographers. But many genetic, historical, psychological, and anthropological explanations advanced a century ago were also racist, yet the validity of newer non-racist genetic etc. explanations is widely accepted today.Another reason for reflex rejection of geographic explanations is that historians have a tradition, in their discipline, of stressing the role of contingency (a favorite word among historians) based on individual decisions and chance. Often that view is warranted . . . But often, too, that view is unwarranted. The development of warm fur clothes among the Inuit living north of the Arctic Circle was not because one influential Inuit leader persuaded other Inuit in 1783 to adopt warm fur clothes, for no good environmental reason.A third reason is that geographic explanations usually depend on detailed technical facts of geography and other fields of scholarship . . . Most historians and economists dont acquire that detailed knowledge as part of the professional training.All of the following are advanced by the author as reasons why non-geographers disregard geographic influences on human phenomena EXCEPT their

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The passage below is accompanied by four questions. Based on the passage, choose the best answer for each question.Many human phenomena and characteristics – such as behaviors, beliefs, economies, genes, incomes, life expectancies, and other things – are influenced both by geographic factors and by non-geographic factors. Geographic factors mean physical and biological factors tied to geographic location, including climate, the distributions of wild plant and animal species, soils, and topography. Non-geographic factors include those factors subsumed under the term culture, other factors subsumed under the term history, and decisions by individual people. . . .[T]he differences between the current economies of North and South Korea . . . cannot be attributed to the modest environmental differences between [them] . . . They are instead due entirely to the different [government] policies . . . At the opposite extreme, the Inuit and other traditional peoples living north of the Arctic Circle developed warm fur clothes but no agriculture, while equatorial lowland peoples around the world never developed warm fur clothes but often did develop agriculture. The explanation is straightforwardly geographic, rather than a cultural or historical quirk unrelated to geography. . . . Aboriginal Australia remained the sole continent occupied only by hunter/gatherers and with no indigenous farming or herding . . . [Here the] explanation is biogeographic: the Australian continent has no domesticable native animal species and few domesticable native plant species. Instead, the crops and domestic animals that now make Australia a food and wool exporter are all non-native (mainly Eurasian) species such as sheep, wheat, and grapes, brought to Australia by overseas colonists.Today, no scholar would be silly enough to deny that culture, history, and individual choices play a big role in many human phenomena. Scholars dont react to cultural, historical, and individual-agent explanations by denouncing "cultural determinism," "historical determinism," or "individual determinism," and then thinking no further. But many scholars do react to any explanation invoking some geographic role, by denouncing "geographic determinism" . . .Several reasons may underlie this widespread but nonsensical view. One reason is that some geographic explanations advanced a century ago were racist, thereby causing all geographic explanations to become tainted by racist associations in the minds of many scholars other than geographers. But many genetic, historical, psychological, and anthropological explanations advanced a century ago were also racist, yet the validity of newer non-racist genetic etc. explanations is widely accepted today.Another reason for reflex rejection of geographic explanations is that historians have a tradition, in their discipline, of stressing the role of contingency (a favorite word among historians) based on individual decisions and chance. Often that view is warranted . . . But often, too, that view is unwarranted. The development of warm fur clothes among the Inuit living north of the Arctic Circle was not because one influential Inuit leader persuaded other Inuit in 1783 to adopt warm fur clothes, for no good environmental reason.A third reason is that geographic explanations usually depend on detailed technical facts of geography and other fields of scholarship . . . Most historians and economists dont acquire that detailed knowledge as part of the professional training.The examples of the Inuit and Aboriginal Australians are offered in the passage to show

Directions : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given after the passage. Certain words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.States are highly competitive actors and the competitiveness that exists between them has become increasingly intensified as the world order has become ever more globalised. In order to be successful and prosperous in this competitive environ­ment states require access to reliable intelligence that reveals the strengths and weaknesses of their competitors. Knowledge is power, after all.A significant amount of intelligence collected by states is from sources which are publicly available. Espionage is a prevalent method of gathering intelligence and describes 'the consciously deceitful collection of information, ordered by a govern­ment or organisation hostile to or suspicious of those the information concerns, accomplished by humans unauthorised by the target to do the collecting'. Espio­nage, then, is the unauthorised collection of non-publicly available information. The act of espionage can be committed through various methods. In its traditional conception, espionage describes the practice whereby a state dispatches an agent into the physical territory of another state in order to access and obtain confidential information. States have, however, exploited technological developments in order to devise more effective methods through which to conduct espionage. Since the emergence of vessels, aeroplanes and celestial bodies, the sea, the skies and outer space have all been used as platforms to engage in (often electroni c) surveillance of adversaries; that is, to commit espionage from afar. It therefore comes as no surprise that since its creation cyberspace has also been harnessed as a medium through which to commit espionage. Indeed, the exploitation of cyberspace for the purpose of espionage has emerged as a particularly attractive method to acquire confidential information because of the large amount of information that is now stored in cyberspace and because cyberspace affords a considerable degree of ano­nymity to perpetrators of espionage and is thus a relatively risk free enterprise.Unsurprisingly, espionage has 'metastasised' since the emergence of cyber­space and reports suggest that cyber espionage projects are now prevalent. As an illustration, in February 2013 the Mandiant Report identified China as a persis­tent perpetrator of cyber espionage. In fact, the report claims that a cyber espio­nage entity known as Unit 61398 has been specifically created by the Chinese gov­ernment and is formally incorporated into the Chinese People's Liberation Army. The Report suggests that Unit 61398 is responsible for organising and instigating a massive cyber espionage campaign against other states and non-state actors, seek­ing to exploit vulnerable computer systems in order to access sensitive and confi­dential information with the aim of bolstering China's position in the international political and economic order. Only four months later in June 2013 cyber espionage was again thrust firmly into the international spotlight when Edward Snowden, a former contractor for the US National Security Agency (NS

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What aspect of products do industrial designs focus on?a)Technical details of inventionsb)Aesthetic aspects of productsc)Geographical origin of productsd)Confidential information related to business practicesCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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What aspect of products do industrial designs focus on?a)Technical details of inventionsb)Aesthetic aspects of productsc)Geographical origin of productsd)Confidential information related to business practicesCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for CAT 2024 is part of CAT preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the CAT exam syllabus. Information about What aspect of products do industrial designs focus on?a)Technical details of inventionsb)Aesthetic aspects of productsc)Geographical origin of productsd)Confidential information related to business practicesCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for CAT 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for What aspect of products do industrial designs focus on?a)Technical details of inventionsb)Aesthetic aspects of productsc)Geographical origin of productsd)Confidential information related to business practicesCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
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