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Who among the following proposed Laws of planetary motion?
  • a)
    Newton
  • b)
    Kepler
  • c)
    Ptolemy
  • d)
    Copernicus
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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Who among the following proposed Laws of planetary motion?a)Newtonb)Ke...
Johannes Kepler proposed the Laws of Planetary Motion. In the early 17th century, based on meticulous observations by Tycho Brahe, Kepler formulated three fundamental laws describing the motion of planets around the Sun. Kepler's laws state that planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus (First Law), the line joining a planet to the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times (Second Law), and the square of a planet's orbital period is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit (Third Law).
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Adapted from The Autobiography of John Adams (ed. 1856)Not long after this, the three greatest measures of all were carried. Three committees were appointed, one for preparing a declaration of independence, another for reporting a plan of a treaty to be proposed to France, and a third to digest a system of articles of confederation to be proposed to the States. I was appointed on the committee of independence and on that for preparing the form of a treaty with France. On the committee of confederation Mr. Samuel Adams was appointed. The committee of independence were Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston. Mr. Jefferson had been now about a year a member of Congress, but had attended his duty in the house a very small part of the time, and, when there, had never spoken in public. During the whole time I sat with him in Congress, I never heard him utter three sentences together. It will naturally be inquired how it happened that he was appointed on a committee of such importance. There were more reasons than one. Mr. Jefferson had the reputation of a masterly pen; he had been chosen a delegate in Virginia, in consequence of a very handsome public paper which he had written for the House of Burgesses, which had given him the character of a fine writer. Another reason was, that Mr. Richard Henry Lee was not beloved by the most of his colleagues from Virginia, and Mr. Jefferson was set up to rival and supplant him. This could be done only by the pen, for Mr. Jefferson could stand no competition with him or any one else in elocution and public debate.Which of the following is the best form for the underlined selection?

Directions:Read the passage and choose the best answer to each question.PassageThe ninth planet of our solar system, Pluto, was discovered in 1930. It is the smallest planet in the solar system, with a surface area more than 300 times smaller than Earth’s. Recently, Pluto’s categorization as a planet has been debated. Two scientists discuss whether Pluto is a planet or another celestial object.Scientist 1Pluto is most certainly a planet. Some astronomers have suggested that Pluto be stripped of its planetary status, arguing that it is more accurately categorized as an asteroid or comet. However, with a 1,413 mile diameter, Pluto is almost 1,000 times bigger than an average comet, and it does not have a tail of dust and gas as comets do. A planet can be described as a non-moon, sun-orbiting object that does not generate nuclear fusion and is large enough to be pulled into a spherical shape by its own gravity. Strictly by definition alone, Pluto is a planet. Pluto is clearly not a moon, as it does not orbit another planet. Although Pluto’s orbital path is irregular as compared with the other planets of the solar system, it undisputedly orbits the sun. Pluto does not generate heat by nuclear fission, distinguishing it from a star. It is large enough to be pulled into a spherical shape by its own gravitational force, distinguishing it from either a comet or an asteroid.Scientist 2There are many facts about Pluto suggesting that it is actually not a planet but a member of the Kuiper Belt, a group of sizable comets that orbit the sun beyond Neptune. First, Pluto is composed of icy material, as are the comets in the Kuiper Belt, while the other planets of the solar system fall into one of two categories: rocky or gaseous. The four inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are rocky planets; Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are gaseous. Pluto is neither rocky nor gaseous but has an icy composition. In addition, Pluto is much too small to be a planet. It is less than half the diameter of the next smallest planet, Mercury.The Earth’s moon is even larger than Pluto. Finally, the eccentricity of Pluto’s orbit indicates that it is not a planet.Pluto is generally considered the ninth planet, but for twenty years of its 249 year orbit, it is actually closer to the sun than is Neptune, making it the eighth planet during that period of time. This irregular orbit is shared by over seventy Kuiper Belt comets.Q. Which of the following phrases best describes the major point of difference between the two scientists’ viewpoints?

Directions:Read the passage and choose the best answer to each question.PassageThe ninth planet of our solar system, Pluto, was discovered in 1930. It is the smallest planet in the solar system, with a surface area more than 300 times smaller than Earth’s. Recently, Pluto’s categorization as a planet has been debated. Two scientists discuss whether Pluto is a planet or another celestial object.Scientist 1Pluto is most certainly a planet. Some astronomers have suggested that Pluto be stripped of its planetary status, arguing that it is more accurately categorized as an asteroid or comet. However, with a 1,413 mile diameter, Pluto is almost 1,000 times bigger than an average comet, and it does not have a tail of dust and gas as comets do. A planet can be described as a non-moon, sun-orbiting object that does not generate nuclear fusion and is large enough to be pulled into a spherical shape by its own gravity. Strictly by definition alone, Pluto is a planet. Pluto is clearly not a moon, as it does not orbit another planet. Although Pluto’s orbital path is irregular as compared with the other planets of the solar system, it undisputedly orbits the sun. Pluto does not generate heat by nuclear fission, distinguishing it from a star. It is large enough to be pulled into a spherical shape by its own gravitational force, distinguishing it from either a comet or an asteroid.Scientist 2There are many facts about Pluto suggesting that it is actually not a planet but a member of the Kuiper Belt, a group of sizable comets that orbit the sun beyond Neptune. First, Pluto is composed of icy material, as are the comets in the Kuiper Belt, while the other planets of the solar system fall into one of two categories: rocky or gaseous. The four inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are rocky planets; Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are gaseous. Pluto is neither rocky nor gaseous but has an icy composition. In addition, Pluto is much too small to be a planet. It is less than half the diameter of the next smallest planet, Mercury.The Earth’s moon is even larger than Pluto. Finally, the eccentricity of Pluto’s orbit indicates that it is not a planet.Pluto is generally considered the ninth planet, but for twenty years of its 249 year orbit, it is actually closer to the sun than is Neptune, making it the eighth planet during that period of time. This irregular orbit is shared by over seventy Kuiper Belt comets.Q. Which of the following statements best describes how Scientist 2 likens Pluto to a Kuiper Belt comet?

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Who among the following proposed Laws of planetary motion?a)Newtonb)Keplerc)Ptolemyd)CopernicusCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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