During the elongation step of protein synthesis, translocation moves the mRNA and the peptidyl tRNA by one codon through the ribosome. Translocation in E. coli involves GTP and EF-G; however, in vitro, translocation can take place independently of GTP and EF-G. Based on these observations, the following hypothesis can be made: A. the molecular mechanism of translocation in vitro is completely different from that in Vivo translocation activity is independent of GTP hydrolysis B. translocation activity is completely dependent on GTP and EF-G C. translocation activity is inherent in ribosomes however the rate of translocation in vivo is enhanced significantly in the presence of GTP and EF-G Which of the following combinations is correct: a)only Cb)B and Cc)A and Cd)A and BCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

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During the elongation step of protein synthesis, translocation moves the mRNA and the peptidyl tRNA by one codon through the ribosome. Translocation in E. coli involves GTP and EF-G; however, in vitro, translocation can take place independently of GTP and EF-G. Based on these observations, the following hypothesis can be made:

 A. the molecular mechanism of translocation in vitro is completely different from that in Vivo translocation activity is independent of GTP hydrolysis

 B. translocation activity is completely dependent on GTP and EF-G

 C. translocation activity is inherent  in ribosomes however  the rate of  

translocation 

 in vivo is enhanced significantly in the presence of GTP and EF-G

Which of the following combinations is correct:

a)
only C
b)
B and C
c)
A and C
d)
A and B

Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

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Verified Answer

During the elongation step of protein synthesis, translocation moves t...

Concept:

Among the translation factors assisting the ribosome in synthesizing proteins, elongation factor G (EF-G) is the only one that has two distinct functions in different phases of protein synthesis.
During the elongation phase, EF-G promotes translocation the movement of the tRNA-peptidyl-tRNA-mRNA complex from the pre- to the post-translocation position after a peptide bond has been formed.
Following termination, which entails the hydrolytic release of the completed nascent peptide from P site-bound peptidyl-tRNA and results in a ribosome with deacylated tRNA in the P site and an empty A site, EF-G, together with another factor, the ribosome recycling factor (RRF), brings about the rapid dissociation of the post-termination ribosome into ribosomal subunits

Explanation:

During both translocation and ribosome disassembly, EF-G hydrolyzes GTP.
When GTP hydrolysis is prevented by replacing GTP with nonhydrolyzable analogs, translocation still takes place, albeit slowly, whereas ribosome disassembly by EF-G/RRF is completely blocked.
In the absence of IF3, reassociation of subunits resumes when the GTP concentration decreases as a result of turnover GTP hydrolysis by EF-G; this “transient” behavior of the in vitro system was reanalyzed and confirmed recently
The dependence of ribosome disassembly on GTP hydrolysis may reflect a requirement for GTP hydrolysis itself, as is the case with ribosome unlocking in translocation.
Alternatively, it may reflect the necessity for phosphate (Pi) release in addition to GTP hydrolysis to drive the reaction.
Recent studies
showed that

conformational coupling between EF-G and the ribosome is principally different in translocation and ribosome disassembly.
Pi release is not required for the mechanochemical function of EF-G in translocation, whereas the interactions between RRF and EF-G introduce tight coupling between the conformational change of EF-G induced by Pi release and ribosome disassembly.

Statement A:

the molecular mechanism of translocation in vitro is completely different from that in vivo translocation activity is independent of GTP hydrolysis.

Consider the explanation above thus this option is not true, as reassociation of subunits resumes when the GTP concentration decreases as a result of turnover GTP hydrolysis by EF-G; this “transient” behavior of the in vitro system was reanalyzed and confirmed recently.

Statement B:

translocation activity is completely dependent on GTP and EF-G

Consider the explanation above thus this option is not true

Statement C:

translocation activity is inherent  in ribosomes however  the rate of  

translocation 

 in vivo is enhanced significantly in the presence of GTP and EF-G

Consider the explanation above thus this option is true

hence the correct answer is option 1

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During the elongation step of protein synthesis, translocation moves the mRNA and the peptidyl tRNA by one codon through the ribosome. Translocation in E. coli involves GTP and EF-G; however, in vitro, translocation can take place independently of GTP and EF-G. Based on these observations, the following hypothesis can be made: A. the molecular mechanism of translocation in vitro is completely different from that in Vivo translocation activity is independent of GTP hydrolysis B. translocation activity is completely dependent on GTP and EF-G C. translocation activity is inherent in ribosomes however the rate of translocation in vivo is enhanced significantly in the presence of GTP and EF-G Which of the following combinations is correct: a)only Cb)B and Cc)A and Cd)A and BCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

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During the elongation step of protein synthesis, translocation moves the mRNA and the peptidyl tRNA by one codon through the ribosome. Translocation in E. coli involves GTP and EF-G; however, in vitro, translocation can take place independently of GTP and EF-G. Based on these observations, the following hypothesis can be made: A. the molecular mechanism of translocation in vitro is completely different from that in Vivo translocation activity is independent of GTP hydrolysis B. translocation activity is completely dependent on GTP and EF-G C. translocation activity is inherent in ribosomes however the rate of translocation in vivo is enhanced significantly in the presence of GTP and EF-G Which of the following combinations is correct: a)only Cb)B and Cc)A and Cd)A and BCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? for Software Development 2025 is part of Software Development preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Software Development exam syllabus. Information about During the elongation step of protein synthesis, translocation moves the mRNA and the peptidyl tRNA by one codon through the ribosome. Translocation in E. coli involves GTP and EF-G; however, in vitro, translocation can take place independently of GTP and EF-G. Based on these observations, the following hypothesis can be made: A. the molecular mechanism of translocation in vitro is completely different from that in Vivo translocation activity is independent of GTP hydrolysis B. translocation activity is completely dependent on GTP and EF-G C. translocation activity is inherent in ribosomes however the rate of translocation in vivo is enhanced significantly in the presence of GTP and EF-G Which of the following combinations is correct: a)only Cb)B and Cc)A and Cd)A and BCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Software Development 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for During the elongation step of protein synthesis, translocation moves the mRNA and the peptidyl tRNA by one codon through the ribosome. Translocation in E. coli involves GTP and EF-G; however, in vitro, translocation can take place independently of GTP and EF-G. Based on these observations, the following hypothesis can be made: A. the molecular mechanism of translocation in vitro is completely different from that in Vivo translocation activity is independent of GTP hydrolysis B. translocation activity is completely dependent on GTP and EF-G C. translocation activity is inherent in ribosomes however the rate of translocation in vivo is enhanced significantly in the presence of GTP and EF-G Which of the following combinations is correct: a)only Cb)B and Cc)A and Cd)A and BCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?.

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