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Injection of noggin mRNA into a 1-cell, UV-irradiated embryos of frog completely rescues dorsal development and allows the formation of a complete embryo. Some of the following statements (P-Q) could possibly explain this observation.
P. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces dorsal ectoderm to form neural tissue and it dorsalizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to ventral mesoderm.
Q. Noggin binds directly to BMP4 and BMP2 thus preventing complex formation with their receptors.
R. Noggin along with other molecules prevent BMP from binding to and inducing ectoderm and mesoderm cells near the organizer.
S. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces the dorsal ectoderm to form the epidermis and it ventralizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to dorsal mesoderm.
Which of the above statements are correct?
- a)P, Q and R
- b)P and Q
- c)Q and R
- d)P and S
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
Injection of noggin mRNA into a 1-cell, UV-irradiated embryos of frog ...
Concept:
- Noggin is expressed in the Spemann organizer region of the Xenopus embryo and can promote dorsal cell fates within the mesoderm and neural development within the overlying ectoderm.
- The dorsal ventral axis of vertebrates requires high BMP activity for ventral development and inhibition of BMP activity for dorsal development.
- Presumptive dorsal regions of the embryo are protected from the ventralizing activity of BMPs by the secretion of BMP antagonists from the mesoderm.
- Noggin, one such antagonist, binds BMP ligands and prevents them from binding their receptors.
Explanation:
Fig 1: Experiment with noggin
- Smith and Harland (1992) constructed a cDNA plasmid library from dorsalized (lithium chloride-treated) gastrulae.
- RNAs synthesized from sets of these plasmids were injected into ventralized embryos (having no neural tube) produced by irradiating early embryos with ultraviolet light.
- Those sets of plasmids whose RNAs rescued the dorsal axis in these embryos were split into smaller sets, and so on, until single-plasmid clones were isolated whose mRNAs were able to restore the dorsal axis in such embryos.
- One of these clones contained the noggin gene.
- Smith and Harland (1992) have shown that newly transcribed (as opposed to maternal) noggin mRNA is first localized in the dorsal blastopore lip region and then becomes expressed in the notochord.
- Injection of noggin mRNA into 1-cell, UV-irradiated embryos completely rescued the dorsal axis and allowed the formation of a complete embryo.
- The mRNA sequence for the Noggin protein suggests strongly that it is a secreted protein.
- In 1993, Smith and his colleagues found that Noggin could accomplish two of the major functions of the Spemann-Mangold organizer: it induced dorsal ectoderm to form neural tissue, and it dorsalized mesoderm cells that would otherwise contribute to the ventral mesoderm.
- Noggin binds to BMP4 and BMP2 and inhibits their binding to receptors.
Statement P: Noggin is a secreted protein which induces dorsal ectoderm to form neural tissue and it dorsalizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to ventral mesoderm.
- Consider the explanation above thus this option is true.
Statement Q:
Noggin binds directly to BMP4 and BMP2 thus preventing complex formation with their receptors.
- Consider the explanation above thus this option is true, as Noggin binds to BMP4 and BMP2 and inhibits their binding to receptors.
Statement R:
Noggin along with other molecules prevent BMP from binding to and inducing ectoderm and mesoderm cells near the organizer.
- Consider the explanation above thus this option is not true
Statement S:
Noggin is a secreted protein which induces the dorsal ectoderm to form the epidermis and it ventralizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to dorsal mesoderm.
- Consider the explanation above thus this option is not true
hence the correct answer is option 2 i.e statements P and Q
Most Upvoted Answer
Injection of noggin mRNA into a 1-cell, UV-irradiated embryos of frog ...
Explanation:
Possible Explanations:
P. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces dorsal ectoderm to form neural tissue and it dorsalizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to ventral mesoderm.
- This statement is correct as noggin is known to induce dorsal development and inhibit ventralization in frog embryos.
Q. Noggin binds directly to BMP4 and BMP2 thus preventing complex formation with their receptors.
- This statement is correct as noggin acts by binding to BMP4 and BMP2, inhibiting their interaction with their receptors and subsequent signaling.
Incorrect Statements:
R. Noggin along with other molecules prevent BMP from binding to and inducing ectoderm and mesoderm cells near the organizer.
- This statement is incorrect as noggin primarily acts by binding to BMP4 and BMP2, not necessarily preventing BMP from binding to cells near the organizer.
S. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces the dorsal ectoderm to form the epidermis and it ventralizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to dorsal mesoderm.
- This statement is incorrect as noggin is involved in dorsalization of the mesoderm and ectoderm, not ventralization.
Therefore, the correct statements explaining the observation of noggin mRNA rescuing dorsal development in frog embryos are P and Q.
Possible Explanations:
P. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces dorsal ectoderm to form neural tissue and it dorsalizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to ventral mesoderm.
- This statement is correct as noggin is known to induce dorsal development and inhibit ventralization in frog embryos.
Q. Noggin binds directly to BMP4 and BMP2 thus preventing complex formation with their receptors.
- This statement is correct as noggin acts by binding to BMP4 and BMP2, inhibiting their interaction with their receptors and subsequent signaling.
Incorrect Statements:
R. Noggin along with other molecules prevent BMP from binding to and inducing ectoderm and mesoderm cells near the organizer.
- This statement is incorrect as noggin primarily acts by binding to BMP4 and BMP2, not necessarily preventing BMP from binding to cells near the organizer.
S. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces the dorsal ectoderm to form the epidermis and it ventralizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to dorsal mesoderm.
- This statement is incorrect as noggin is involved in dorsalization of the mesoderm and ectoderm, not ventralization.
Therefore, the correct statements explaining the observation of noggin mRNA rescuing dorsal development in frog embryos are P and Q.
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Injection of noggin mRNA into a 1-cell, UV-irradiated embryos of frog completely rescues dorsal development and allows the formation of a complete embryo. Some of the following statements (P-Q) could possibly explain this observation. P. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces dorsal ectoderm to form neural tissue and it dorsalizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to ventral mesoderm. Q. Noggin binds directly to BMP4 and BMP2 thus preventing complex formation with their receptors. R. Noggin along with other molecules prevent BMP from binding to and inducing ectoderm and mesoderm cells near the organizer. S. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces the dorsal ectoderm to form the epidermis and it ventralizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to dorsal mesoderm. Which of the above statements are correct?a)P, Q and Rb)P and Qc)Q and Rd)P and SCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Question Description
Injection of noggin mRNA into a 1-cell, UV-irradiated embryos of frog completely rescues dorsal development and allows the formation of a complete embryo. Some of the following statements (P-Q) could possibly explain this observation. P. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces dorsal ectoderm to form neural tissue and it dorsalizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to ventral mesoderm. Q. Noggin binds directly to BMP4 and BMP2 thus preventing complex formation with their receptors. R. Noggin along with other molecules prevent BMP from binding to and inducing ectoderm and mesoderm cells near the organizer. S. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces the dorsal ectoderm to form the epidermis and it ventralizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to dorsal mesoderm. Which of the above statements are correct?a)P, Q and Rb)P and Qc)Q and Rd)P and SCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for Software Development 2025 is part of Software Development preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Software Development exam syllabus. Information about Injection of noggin mRNA into a 1-cell, UV-irradiated embryos of frog completely rescues dorsal development and allows the formation of a complete embryo. Some of the following statements (P-Q) could possibly explain this observation. P. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces dorsal ectoderm to form neural tissue and it dorsalizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to ventral mesoderm. Q. Noggin binds directly to BMP4 and BMP2 thus preventing complex formation with their receptors. R. Noggin along with other molecules prevent BMP from binding to and inducing ectoderm and mesoderm cells near the organizer. S. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces the dorsal ectoderm to form the epidermis and it ventralizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to dorsal mesoderm. Which of the above statements are correct?a)P, Q and Rb)P and Qc)Q and Rd)P and SCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Software Development 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Injection of noggin mRNA into a 1-cell, UV-irradiated embryos of frog completely rescues dorsal development and allows the formation of a complete embryo. Some of the following statements (P-Q) could possibly explain this observation. P. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces dorsal ectoderm to form neural tissue and it dorsalizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to ventral mesoderm. Q. Noggin binds directly to BMP4 and BMP2 thus preventing complex formation with their receptors. R. Noggin along with other molecules prevent BMP from binding to and inducing ectoderm and mesoderm cells near the organizer. S. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces the dorsal ectoderm to form the epidermis and it ventralizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to dorsal mesoderm. Which of the above statements are correct?a)P, Q and Rb)P and Qc)Q and Rd)P and SCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
Injection of noggin mRNA into a 1-cell, UV-irradiated embryos of frog completely rescues dorsal development and allows the formation of a complete embryo. Some of the following statements (P-Q) could possibly explain this observation. P. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces dorsal ectoderm to form neural tissue and it dorsalizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to ventral mesoderm. Q. Noggin binds directly to BMP4 and BMP2 thus preventing complex formation with their receptors. R. Noggin along with other molecules prevent BMP from binding to and inducing ectoderm and mesoderm cells near the organizer. S. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces the dorsal ectoderm to form the epidermis and it ventralizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to dorsal mesoderm. Which of the above statements are correct?a)P, Q and Rb)P and Qc)Q and Rd)P and SCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for Software Development 2025 is part of Software Development preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Software Development exam syllabus. Information about Injection of noggin mRNA into a 1-cell, UV-irradiated embryos of frog completely rescues dorsal development and allows the formation of a complete embryo. Some of the following statements (P-Q) could possibly explain this observation. P. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces dorsal ectoderm to form neural tissue and it dorsalizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to ventral mesoderm. Q. Noggin binds directly to BMP4 and BMP2 thus preventing complex formation with their receptors. R. Noggin along with other molecules prevent BMP from binding to and inducing ectoderm and mesoderm cells near the organizer. S. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces the dorsal ectoderm to form the epidermis and it ventralizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to dorsal mesoderm. Which of the above statements are correct?a)P, Q and Rb)P and Qc)Q and Rd)P and SCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Software Development 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Injection of noggin mRNA into a 1-cell, UV-irradiated embryos of frog completely rescues dorsal development and allows the formation of a complete embryo. Some of the following statements (P-Q) could possibly explain this observation. P. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces dorsal ectoderm to form neural tissue and it dorsalizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to ventral mesoderm. Q. Noggin binds directly to BMP4 and BMP2 thus preventing complex formation with their receptors. R. Noggin along with other molecules prevent BMP from binding to and inducing ectoderm and mesoderm cells near the organizer. S. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces the dorsal ectoderm to form the epidermis and it ventralizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to dorsal mesoderm. Which of the above statements are correct?a)P, Q and Rb)P and Qc)Q and Rd)P and SCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
Solutions for Injection of noggin mRNA into a 1-cell, UV-irradiated embryos of frog completely rescues dorsal development and allows the formation of a complete embryo. Some of the following statements (P-Q) could possibly explain this observation. P. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces dorsal ectoderm to form neural tissue and it dorsalizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to ventral mesoderm. Q. Noggin binds directly to BMP4 and BMP2 thus preventing complex formation with their receptors. R. Noggin along with other molecules prevent BMP from binding to and inducing ectoderm and mesoderm cells near the organizer. S. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces the dorsal ectoderm to form the epidermis and it ventralizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to dorsal mesoderm. Which of the above statements are correct?a)P, Q and Rb)P and Qc)Q and Rd)P and SCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for Software Development.
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Here you can find the meaning of Injection of noggin mRNA into a 1-cell, UV-irradiated embryos of frog completely rescues dorsal development and allows the formation of a complete embryo. Some of the following statements (P-Q) could possibly explain this observation. P. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces dorsal ectoderm to form neural tissue and it dorsalizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to ventral mesoderm. Q. Noggin binds directly to BMP4 and BMP2 thus preventing complex formation with their receptors. R. Noggin along with other molecules prevent BMP from binding to and inducing ectoderm and mesoderm cells near the organizer. S. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces the dorsal ectoderm to form the epidermis and it ventralizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to dorsal mesoderm. Which of the above statements are correct?a)P, Q and Rb)P and Qc)Q and Rd)P and SCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of
Injection of noggin mRNA into a 1-cell, UV-irradiated embryos of frog completely rescues dorsal development and allows the formation of a complete embryo. Some of the following statements (P-Q) could possibly explain this observation. P. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces dorsal ectoderm to form neural tissue and it dorsalizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to ventral mesoderm. Q. Noggin binds directly to BMP4 and BMP2 thus preventing complex formation with their receptors. R. Noggin along with other molecules prevent BMP from binding to and inducing ectoderm and mesoderm cells near the organizer. S. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces the dorsal ectoderm to form the epidermis and it ventralizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to dorsal mesoderm. Which of the above statements are correct?a)P, Q and Rb)P and Qc)Q and Rd)P and SCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for Injection of noggin mRNA into a 1-cell, UV-irradiated embryos of frog completely rescues dorsal development and allows the formation of a complete embryo. Some of the following statements (P-Q) could possibly explain this observation. P. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces dorsal ectoderm to form neural tissue and it dorsalizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to ventral mesoderm. Q. Noggin binds directly to BMP4 and BMP2 thus preventing complex formation with their receptors. R. Noggin along with other molecules prevent BMP from binding to and inducing ectoderm and mesoderm cells near the organizer. S. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces the dorsal ectoderm to form the epidermis and it ventralizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to dorsal mesoderm. Which of the above statements are correct?a)P, Q and Rb)P and Qc)Q and Rd)P and SCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of Injection of noggin mRNA into a 1-cell, UV-irradiated embryos of frog completely rescues dorsal development and allows the formation of a complete embryo. Some of the following statements (P-Q) could possibly explain this observation. P. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces dorsal ectoderm to form neural tissue and it dorsalizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to ventral mesoderm. Q. Noggin binds directly to BMP4 and BMP2 thus preventing complex formation with their receptors. R. Noggin along with other molecules prevent BMP from binding to and inducing ectoderm and mesoderm cells near the organizer. S. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces the dorsal ectoderm to form the epidermis and it ventralizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to dorsal mesoderm. Which of the above statements are correct?a)P, Q and Rb)P and Qc)Q and Rd)P and SCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an
ample number of questions to practice Injection of noggin mRNA into a 1-cell, UV-irradiated embryos of frog completely rescues dorsal development and allows the formation of a complete embryo. Some of the following statements (P-Q) could possibly explain this observation. P. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces dorsal ectoderm to form neural tissue and it dorsalizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to ventral mesoderm. Q. Noggin binds directly to BMP4 and BMP2 thus preventing complex formation with their receptors. R. Noggin along with other molecules prevent BMP from binding to and inducing ectoderm and mesoderm cells near the organizer. S. Noggin is a secreted protein which induces the dorsal ectoderm to form the epidermis and it ventralizes the mesoderm cells which would otherwise contribute to dorsal mesoderm. Which of the above statements are correct?a)P, Q and Rb)P and Qc)Q and Rd)P and SCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? tests, examples and also practice Software Development tests.
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