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At 17 years old, a 7-foot-tall human was diagnosed with gigantism caused by a pituitary tumor. The condition was surgically corrected by the removal of the person's pituitary gland. Doctors advised hormonal therapy. The possible hormonal therapies that would be required for survival are
1. S
omatostatin analogues
2. D
opamine agonists
3. Glucagon
4. Growth hormone
5. Insulin
Which one of the following combinations can be used?
- a)1 and 2 only
- b)2 and 4 only
- c)1, 2 and 4
- d)1, 3 and 5
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
At 17 years old, a 7-foot-tall human was diagnosed with gigantism caus...
Concept:
- Pituitary adenomas occur with an annual incidence of 20 cases per million, with adenomas derived from somatotrophs and secreting GH accounting for 3 cases per million
- GH-secreting adenomas seem to be more invasive and aggressive in children than in adults.
- Surgery has traditionally been the first line of treatment, with radiation reserved for inoperable cases.
- Also, medical therapy has taken on an important role in the management of patients with GH excess with development of somatostatin analogues.
- Acromegaly is the same phenomenon as gigantism but occurring in adulthood.
- These two disorders may partially overlap depending on the developmental stage.
- Approximately 10% of acromegalics are shown to exhibit tall stature and the majority of giants eventually demonstrate the features of acromegaly.
- The mean age for the onset of acromegaly is within the 3rd decade of life, whereas gigantism may begin at any age prior to epiphyseal fusion.
- True gigantism is extremely rare, and it is usually caused by a pituitary adenoma.
Explanation:- Treatment for acromegaly is as follows:
Drugs that reduce growth hormone production (somatostatin analogues):
- In the body, a brain hormone called somatostatin works against (inhibits) GH production.
- Taking one of these drugs signals the pituitary gland to produce less GH, and may even reduce the size of a pituitary tumor.
Drugs to lower hormone levels (dopamine agonists):
- The oral medications cabergoline and bromocriptine (Parlodel) may help lower levels of GH and IGF-1 in some people.
- These drugs may also help decrease tumor size.
- To treat acromegaly, these medications usually need to be taken at high doses, which can increase the risk of side effects. Common side effects of these drugs include nausea, vomiting, stuffy nose, tiredness, dizziness, sleep problems and mood changes.
Drug to block the action of GH (growth hormone antagonist):
- The medication pegvisomant (Somavert) blocks the effect of GH on the body's tissues.
- Pegvisomant may be particularly helpful for people who haven't had good success with other treatments.
- Given as a daily injection, this medication can help lower IGF-1 levels and relieve symptoms, but it doesn't lower GH levels or reduce tumor size.
hence the correct answer is option 1
Most Upvoted Answer
At 17 years old, a 7-foot-tall human was diagnosed with gigantism caus...
Understanding Gigantism and Hormonal Therapy
Gigantism is caused by excessive growth hormone production, often due to a pituitary tumor. Following the surgical removal of the pituitary gland, patients require hormonal therapy to manage their health, as the pituitary gland regulates several hormones.
Key Hormonal Therapies Explained
- Somatostatin Analogues
- These drugs inhibit growth hormone release, effectively reducing growth hormone levels post-surgery.
- Dopamine Agonists
- These medications help lower growth hormone levels by stimulating dopamine receptors, which can inhibit the secretion of growth hormone.
- Glucagon
- This hormone is not typically used in the management of pituitary tumors or gigantism and is more related to blood sugar control.
- Growth Hormone
- This is contraindicated in this scenario as the patient has excess growth hormone due to the tumor. Administering it would worsen the condition.
- Insulin
- While insulin is crucial for glucose metabolism, it does not directly address the hormonal imbalance caused by the pituitary gland removal.
Correct Combination for Hormonal Therapy
The correct answers focus on managing excess growth hormone:
- Option A: 1 and 2 only
- Somatostatin analogues (1) and dopamine agonists (2) effectively control growth hormone levels.
- Other Options Analysis
- Option B (2 and 4) includes growth hormone, which is not suitable.
- Option C (1, 2, and 4) also incorrectly includes growth hormone.
- Option D (1, 3, and 5) incorporates glucagon and insulin, which are not relevant to treating excess growth hormone.
In summary, the most effective and safe hormonal therapies for this patient are somatostatin analogues and dopamine agonists, making option A the best choice.
Gigantism is caused by excessive growth hormone production, often due to a pituitary tumor. Following the surgical removal of the pituitary gland, patients require hormonal therapy to manage their health, as the pituitary gland regulates several hormones.
Key Hormonal Therapies Explained
- Somatostatin Analogues
- These drugs inhibit growth hormone release, effectively reducing growth hormone levels post-surgery.
- Dopamine Agonists
- These medications help lower growth hormone levels by stimulating dopamine receptors, which can inhibit the secretion of growth hormone.
- Glucagon
- This hormone is not typically used in the management of pituitary tumors or gigantism and is more related to blood sugar control.
- Growth Hormone
- This is contraindicated in this scenario as the patient has excess growth hormone due to the tumor. Administering it would worsen the condition.
- Insulin
- While insulin is crucial for glucose metabolism, it does not directly address the hormonal imbalance caused by the pituitary gland removal.
Correct Combination for Hormonal Therapy
The correct answers focus on managing excess growth hormone:
- Option A: 1 and 2 only
- Somatostatin analogues (1) and dopamine agonists (2) effectively control growth hormone levels.
- Other Options Analysis
- Option B (2 and 4) includes growth hormone, which is not suitable.
- Option C (1, 2, and 4) also incorrectly includes growth hormone.
- Option D (1, 3, and 5) incorporates glucagon and insulin, which are not relevant to treating excess growth hormone.
In summary, the most effective and safe hormonal therapies for this patient are somatostatin analogues and dopamine agonists, making option A the best choice.
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At 17 years old, a 7-foot-tall human was diagnosed with gigantism caused by a pituitary tumor. The condition was surgically corrected by the removal of the person's pituitary gland. Doctors advised hormonal therapy. The possible hormonal therapies that would be required for survival are 1. Somatostatin analogues 2. Dopamine agonists 3. Glucagon 4. Growth hormone 5. Insulin Which one of the following combinations can be used?a)1 and 2 onlyb)2 and 4 onlyc)1, 2 and 4d)1, 3 and 5Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? for Software Development 2025 is part of Software Development preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Software Development exam syllabus. Information about At 17 years old, a 7-foot-tall human was diagnosed with gigantism caused by a pituitary tumor. The condition was surgically corrected by the removal of the person's pituitary gland. Doctors advised hormonal therapy. The possible hormonal therapies that would be required for survival are 1. Somatostatin analogues 2. Dopamine agonists 3. Glucagon 4. Growth hormone 5. Insulin Which one of the following combinations can be used?a)1 and 2 onlyb)2 and 4 onlyc)1, 2 and 4d)1, 3 and 5Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Software Development 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for At 17 years old, a 7-foot-tall human was diagnosed with gigantism caused by a pituitary tumor. The condition was surgically corrected by the removal of the person's pituitary gland. Doctors advised hormonal therapy. The possible hormonal therapies that would be required for survival are 1. Somatostatin analogues 2. Dopamine agonists 3. Glucagon 4. Growth hormone 5. Insulin Which one of the following combinations can be used?a)1 and 2 onlyb)2 and 4 onlyc)1, 2 and 4d)1, 3 and 5Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?.
At 17 years old, a 7-foot-tall human was diagnosed with gigantism caused by a pituitary tumor. The condition was surgically corrected by the removal of the person's pituitary gland. Doctors advised hormonal therapy. The possible hormonal therapies that would be required for survival are 1. Somatostatin analogues 2. Dopamine agonists 3. Glucagon 4. Growth hormone 5. Insulin Which one of the following combinations can be used?a)1 and 2 onlyb)2 and 4 onlyc)1, 2 and 4d)1, 3 and 5Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? for Software Development 2025 is part of Software Development preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Software Development exam syllabus. Information about At 17 years old, a 7-foot-tall human was diagnosed with gigantism caused by a pituitary tumor. The condition was surgically corrected by the removal of the person's pituitary gland. Doctors advised hormonal therapy. The possible hormonal therapies that would be required for survival are 1. Somatostatin analogues 2. Dopamine agonists 3. Glucagon 4. Growth hormone 5. Insulin Which one of the following combinations can be used?a)1 and 2 onlyb)2 and 4 onlyc)1, 2 and 4d)1, 3 and 5Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Software Development 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for At 17 years old, a 7-foot-tall human was diagnosed with gigantism caused by a pituitary tumor. The condition was surgically corrected by the removal of the person's pituitary gland. Doctors advised hormonal therapy. The possible hormonal therapies that would be required for survival are 1. Somatostatin analogues 2. Dopamine agonists 3. Glucagon 4. Growth hormone 5. Insulin Which one of the following combinations can be used?a)1 and 2 onlyb)2 and 4 onlyc)1, 2 and 4d)1, 3 and 5Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?.
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