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The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.
Heatwaves are becoming longer, frequent and intense due to climate change. The impacts of extreme heat are unevenly experienced; with older people and young children, those with pre-existing medical conditions and on low incomes significantly more vulnerable. Adaptation to heatwaves is a significant public policy concern. Research conducted among at-risk people in the UK reveals that even vulnerable people do not perceive themselves as at risk of extreme heat; therefore, early warnings of extreme heat events do not perform as intended. This suggests that understanding how extreme heat is narrated is very important. The news media play a central role in this process and can help warn people about the potential danger, as well as about impacts on infrastructure and society.
  • a)
    Protection from heat waves is important but current reports and public policies seem ineffective.
  • b)
    People are vulnerable to heatwaves caused due to climate change, measures taken are ineffective.
  • c)
    Heatwaves pose an enormous risk; the media plays a pivotal role in alerting people to this danger.
  • d)
    News stories help in warning about heatwaves, but they have to become more effective.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choos...
  • The passage discusses the increasing frequency and intensity of heatwaves due to climate change, with vulnerable groups experiencing uneven impacts. It emphasizes that adaptation to heatwaves is a significant public policy concern. The research findings suggest that even vulnerable individuals may not perceive themselves as at risk of extreme heat, highlighting the importance of understanding how extreme heat is narrated. The passage specifically mentions the central role of the news media in warning people about the potential danger of heatwaves and their impacts on infrastructure and society. Option C effectively conveys the primary focus on heatwaves posing a substantial risk and the critical role of the media in alerting the public to this danger.
  • Option A implies a general importance of protection without specifically highlighting the role of the media in alerting people to the risks of heatwaves.
  • Option B acknowledges the vulnerability to heatwaves but it does not emphasize the role of the media in alerting people and suggests a broader critique of measures taken.
  • Option D mentions the need for news stories to become more effective but does not emphasize the central role of the media in alerting people to the risk of heatwaves, as the passage does.
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The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choos...
Understanding the Essence of the Passage
The passage discusses the increasing severity of heatwaves due to climate change and emphasizes the uneven impact on vulnerable populations. It highlights the importance of effective communication, particularly through the media, to raise awareness about the dangers posed by extreme heat.
Key Points in the Passage
- Rising Heatwaves: Heatwaves are becoming longer, more frequent, and intense due to climate change.
- Vulnerability: Certain groups, including older adults, young children, and those with pre-existing medical conditions or low incomes, are significantly more susceptible to the impacts of extreme heat.
- Public Policy Concern: Adapting to heatwaves is an urgent issue for public policy, especially in protecting vulnerable populations.
- Perception of Risk: Research indicates that vulnerable individuals often do not recognize their risk from extreme heat, undermining the effectiveness of early warning systems.
- Role of Media: The media is crucial in shaping the narrative around extreme heat, helping to inform and warn the public about potential dangers and societal impacts.
Why Option C is the Best Summary
- Emphasis on Risk: Option C captures the significant risk that heatwaves pose to society, particularly to vulnerable groups.
- Highlighting Media's Role: It acknowledges the media's pivotal function in alerting people to the dangers of heatwaves, aligning with the passage's focus on the need for effective communication.
In contrast, other options either downplay the media's role or do not encapsulate the urgency of the issue as thoroughly as option C does. Thus, option C best represents the passage's central message.
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Formation of focal brand expectations is a well-accepted part of the pre-purchase choice process. However, whether these same expectations are the standard for post-choice performance evaluation has been questioned. There is very little theoretical justification for consumers using focal brand expectations to judge performance after purchase. Customer satisfaction/dissatisfaction is more likely to be determined by how well a consumer perceives that focal brand performance fulfils needs, wants, or desires.Importantly, there is no necessary relationship between prepurchase focal brand expectations and the performance required to meet those wants. Thus, consumers are very likely to use other kinds of performance standards in the post-purchase evaluation. Consumers are likely to rely on standards that reflect the performance a consumer believes a focal brand should provide to meet needs/wants. To distinguish these standards from the usual expectations concept, we call them "experience-based norms." These norms have two important characteristics: (1) they reflect desired performance in meeting needs/wants and (2) they are constrained by the performance consumers believe is possible as indicated by the performance of known brands. The second characteristic requires elaboration. Though consumers may imagine some abstract ideal performance that a brand should provide, they also have concrete experiences with various real brands and their performance. Because consumers are more likely to think in concrete rather than abstract terms, experience with real brands should set limits on the performance a consumer believes the focal brand should provide. Consumers may derive a norm from experience with known brandsin at least two different ways. First, the norm might be the typical performance of a particular brand - e.g., a consumers most preferred brand, a popular brand, or last-purchased brand.Importantly, this brand may not be the focal brand. For example, when evaluating the dining experience in a new restaurant, a consumer may apply a norm that is the typical performance of another, favourite restaurant. Interestingly, focal brand expectations may correspond to this norm, but only if the focal brand is also the brand from which the standard is derived, such as when a consumer dines in his or her favourite restaurant. In all other cases, the norm is necessarily different from expectations because the norm is derived from experience with a different brand. A second possibility is that the norm might be an average performance a consumer believes is typical of a group of similar brands — a product-based norm. This kind of norm may be reasonable when no one brand stands out in the consumers mind and the consumer has experience with many brands. In general, the experience-based norms concept is significant because it suggests that past research may have attached unwarranted importance to focal brand expectations as the standard of performance influencing feelings of satisfaction.Q. Given below are statements that attempt to capture the central idea of this passage: 1. Satisfaction pertains to performance and not to expectations. 2. In-order to perform well, a focal brand should fulfil consumer needs rather than match their expectations. 3. Brand performance standards are determined by consumer experiences of products.Which of the following statement(s) best captures the central idea.

Question: Analyse the following passage and provide an appropriate answer for the questions that follow.Formation of focal brand expectations is a well-accepted part of the pre-purchase choice process. However, whether these same expectations are the standard for post-choice performance evaluation has been questioned. There is very little theoretical justification for consumers using focal brand expectations to judge performance after purchase. Customer satisfaction/dissatisfaction is more likely to be determined by how well a consumer perceives that focal brand performance fulfils needs, wants, or desires.Importantly, there is no necessary relationship between prepurchase focal brand expectations and the performance required to meet those wants. Thus, consumers are very likely to use other kinds of performance standards in the post-purchase evaluation. Consumers are likely to rely on standards that reflect the performance a consumer believes a focal brand should provide to meet needs/wants. To distinguish these standards from the usual expectations concept, we call them "experience-based norms." These norms have two important characteristics: (1) they reflect desired performance in meeting needs/wants and (2) they are constrained by the performance consumers believe is possible as indicated by the performance of known brands. The second characteristic requires elaboration. Though consumers may imagine some abstract ideal performance that a brand should provide, they also have concrete experiences with various real brands and their performance. Because consumers are more likely to think in concrete rather than abstract terms, experience with real brands should set limits on the performance a consumer believes the focal brand should provide. Consumers may derive a norm from experience with known brands in at least two different ways. First, the norm might be the typical performance of a particular brand - e.g., a consumer's most preferred brand, a popular brand, or last-purchased brand.Importantly, this brand may not be the focal brand. For example, when evaluating the dining experience in a new restaurant, a consumer may apply a norm that is the typical performance of another, favourite restaurant. Interestingly, focal brand expectations may correspond to this norm, but only if the focal brand is also the brand from which the standard is derived, such as when a consumer dines in his or her favourite restaurant. In all other cases, the norm is necessarily different from expectations because the norm is derived from experience with a different brand. A second possibility is that the norm might be an average performance a consumer believes is typical of a group of similar brands — a product-based norm. This kind of norm may be reasonable when no one brand stands out in the consumer's mind and the consumer has experience with many brands. In general, the experience-based norms concept is significant because it suggests that past research may have attached unwarranted importance to focal brand expectations as the standard of performance influencing feelings of satisfaction.Given below are statements that attempt to capture the central idea of this passage:1. Satisfaction pertains to performance and not to expectations.2. In-order to perform well, a focal brand should fulfil consumer needs rather than match their expectations.3. Brand performance standards are determined by consumer experiences of products.Which of the following statement(s) best captures the central idea.

Question: Analyse the following passage and provide an appropriate answer for the questions that follow.Formation of focal brand expectations is a well-accepted part of the pre-purchase choice process. However, whether these same expectations are the standard for post-choice performance evaluation has been questioned. There is very little theoretical justification for consumers using focal brand expectations to judge performance after purchase. Customer satisfaction/dissatisfaction is more likely to be determined by how well a consumer perceives that focal brand performance fulfils needs, wants, or desires.Importantly, there is no necessary relationship between prepurchase focal brand expectations and the performance required to meet those wants. Thus, consumers are very likely to use other kinds of performance standards in the post-purchase evaluation. Consumers are likely to rely on standards that reflect the performance a consumer believes a focal brand should provide to meet needs/wants. To distinguish these standards from the usual expectations concept, we call them "experience-based norms." These norms have two important characteristics: (1) they reflect desired performance in meeting needs/wants and (2) they are constrained by the performance consumers believe is possible as indicated by the performance of known brands. The second characteristic requires elaboration. Though consumers may imagine some abstract ideal performance that a brand should provide, they also have concrete experiences with various real brands and their performance. Because consumers are more likely to think in concrete rather than abstract terms, experience with real brands should set limits on the performance a consumer believes the focal brand should provide. Consumers may derive a norm from experience with known brands in at least two different ways. First, the norm might be the typical performance of a particular brand - e.g., a consumer's most preferred brand, a popular brand, or last-purchased brand.Importantly, this brand may not be the focal brand. For example, when evaluating the dining experience in a new restaurant, a consumer may apply a norm that is the typical performance of another, favourite restaurant. Interestingly, focal brand expectations may correspond to this norm, but only if the focal brand is also the brand from which the standard is derived, such as when a consumer dines in his or her favourite restaurant. In all other cases, the norm is necessarily different from expectations because the norm is derived from experience with a different brand. A second possibility is that the norm might be an average performance a consumer believes is typical of a group of similar brands — a product-based norm. This kind of norm may be reasonable when no one brand stands out in the consumer's mind and the consumer has experience with many brands. In general, the experience-based norms concept is significant because it suggests that past research may have attached unwarranted importance to focal brand expectations as the standard of performance influencing feelings of satisfaction.Which of the following statements, if true, would contradict the second characteristic of “experience-based norms”?

Question: Analyse the following passage and provide an appropriate answer for the questions that follow.Formation of focal brand expectations is a well-accepted part of the pre-purchase choice process. However, whether these same expectations are the standard for post-choice performance evaluation has been questioned. There is very little theoretical justification for consumers using focal brand expectations to judge performance after purchase. Customer satisfaction/dissatisfaction is more likely to be determined by how well a consumer perceives that focal brand performance fulfils needs, wants, or desires.Importantly, there is no necessary relationship between prepurchase focal brand expectations and the performance required to meet those wants. Thus, consumers are very likely to use other kinds of performance standards in the post-purchase evaluation. Consumers are likely to rely on standards that reflect the performance a consumer believes a focal brand should provide to meet needs/wants. To distinguish these standards from the usual expectations concept, we call them "experience-based norms." These norms have two important characteristics: (1) they reflect desired performance in meeting needs/wants and (2) they are constrained by the performance consumers believe is possible as indicated by the performance of known brands. The second characteristic requires elaboration. Though consumers may imagine some abstract ideal performance that a brand should provide, they also have concrete experiences with various real brands and their performance. Because consumers are more likely to think in concrete rather than abstract terms, experience with real brands should set limits on the performance a consumer believes the focal brand should provide. Consumers may derive a norm from experience with known brands in at least two different ways. First, the norm might be the typical performance of a particular brand - e.g., a consumer's most preferred brand, a popular brand, or last-purchased brand.Importantly, this brand may not be the focal brand. For example, when evaluating the dining experience in a new restaurant, a consumer may apply a norm that is the typical performance of another, favourite restaurant. Interestingly, focal brand expectations may correspond to this norm, but only if the focal brand is also the brand from which the standard is derived, such as when a consumer dines in his or her favourite restaurant. In all other cases, the norm is necessarily different from expectations because the norm is derived from experience with a different brand. A second possibility is that the norm might be an average performance a consumer believes is typical of a group of similar brands — a product-based norm. This kind of norm may be reasonable when no one brand stands out in the consumer's mind and the consumer has experience with many brands. In general, the experience-based norms concept is significant because it suggests that past research may have attached unwarranted importance to focal brand expectations as the standard of performance influencing feelings of satisfaction.The statement, “there is no necessary relationship between pre-purchase focal brand expectations and the performance required to meet those wants” implies that

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The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.Heatwaves are becoming longer, frequent and intense due to climate change. The impacts of extreme heat are unevenly experienced; with older people and young children, those with pre-existing medical conditions and on low incomes significantly more vulnerable. Adaptation to heatwaves is a significant public policy concern. Research conducted among at-risk people in the UK reveals that even vulnerable people do not perceive themselves as at risk of extreme heat; therefore, early warnings of extreme heat events do not perform as intended. This suggests that understanding how extreme heat is narrated is very important. The news media play a central role in this process and can help warn people about the potential danger, as well as about impacts on infrastructure and society.a)Protection from heat waves is important but current reports and public policies seem ineffective.b)People are vulnerable to heatwaves caused due to climate change, measures taken are ineffective.c)Heatwaves pose an enormous risk; the media plays a pivotal role in alerting people to this danger.d)News stories help in warning about heatwaves, but they have to become more effective.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.Heatwaves are becoming longer, frequent and intense due to climate change. The impacts of extreme heat are unevenly experienced; with older people and young children, those with pre-existing medical conditions and on low incomes significantly more vulnerable. Adaptation to heatwaves is a significant public policy concern. Research conducted among at-risk people in the UK reveals that even vulnerable people do not perceive themselves as at risk of extreme heat; therefore, early warnings of extreme heat events do not perform as intended. This suggests that understanding how extreme heat is narrated is very important. The news media play a central role in this process and can help warn people about the potential danger, as well as about impacts on infrastructure and society.a)Protection from heat waves is important but current reports and public policies seem ineffective.b)People are vulnerable to heatwaves caused due to climate change, measures taken are ineffective.c)Heatwaves pose an enormous risk; the media plays a pivotal role in alerting people to this danger.d)News stories help in warning about heatwaves, but they have to become more effective.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? for CAT 2024 is part of CAT preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the CAT exam syllabus. Information about The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.Heatwaves are becoming longer, frequent and intense due to climate change. The impacts of extreme heat are unevenly experienced; with older people and young children, those with pre-existing medical conditions and on low incomes significantly more vulnerable. Adaptation to heatwaves is a significant public policy concern. Research conducted among at-risk people in the UK reveals that even vulnerable people do not perceive themselves as at risk of extreme heat; therefore, early warnings of extreme heat events do not perform as intended. This suggests that understanding how extreme heat is narrated is very important. The news media play a central role in this process and can help warn people about the potential danger, as well as about impacts on infrastructure and society.a)Protection from heat waves is important but current reports and public policies seem ineffective.b)People are vulnerable to heatwaves caused due to climate change, measures taken are ineffective.c)Heatwaves pose an enormous risk; the media plays a pivotal role in alerting people to this danger.d)News stories help in warning about heatwaves, but they have to become more effective.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for CAT 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.Heatwaves are becoming longer, frequent and intense due to climate change. The impacts of extreme heat are unevenly experienced; with older people and young children, those with pre-existing medical conditions and on low incomes significantly more vulnerable. Adaptation to heatwaves is a significant public policy concern. Research conducted among at-risk people in the UK reveals that even vulnerable people do not perceive themselves as at risk of extreme heat; therefore, early warnings of extreme heat events do not perform as intended. This suggests that understanding how extreme heat is narrated is very important. The news media play a central role in this process and can help warn people about the potential danger, as well as about impacts on infrastructure and society.a)Protection from heat waves is important but current reports and public policies seem ineffective.b)People are vulnerable to heatwaves caused due to climate change, measures taken are ineffective.c)Heatwaves pose an enormous risk; the media plays a pivotal role in alerting people to this danger.d)News stories help in warning about heatwaves, but they have to become more effective.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?.
Solutions for The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.Heatwaves are becoming longer, frequent and intense due to climate change. The impacts of extreme heat are unevenly experienced; with older people and young children, those with pre-existing medical conditions and on low incomes significantly more vulnerable. Adaptation to heatwaves is a significant public policy concern. Research conducted among at-risk people in the UK reveals that even vulnerable people do not perceive themselves as at risk of extreme heat; therefore, early warnings of extreme heat events do not perform as intended. This suggests that understanding how extreme heat is narrated is very important. The news media play a central role in this process and can help warn people about the potential danger, as well as about impacts on infrastructure and society.a)Protection from heat waves is important but current reports and public policies seem ineffective.b)People are vulnerable to heatwaves caused due to climate change, measures taken are ineffective.c)Heatwaves pose an enormous risk; the media plays a pivotal role in alerting people to this danger.d)News stories help in warning about heatwaves, but they have to become more effective.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for CAT. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for CAT Exam by signing up for free.
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The news media play a central role in this process and can help warn people about the potential danger, as well as about impacts on infrastructure and society.a)Protection from heat waves is important but current reports and public policies seem ineffective.b)People are vulnerable to heatwaves caused due to climate change, measures taken are ineffective.c)Heatwaves pose an enormous risk; the media plays a pivotal role in alerting people to this danger.d)News stories help in warning about heatwaves, but they have to become more effective.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.Heatwaves are becoming longer, frequent and intense due to climate change. The impacts of extreme heat are unevenly experienced; with older people and young children, those with pre-existing medical conditions and on low incomes significantly more vulnerable. Adaptation to heatwaves is a significant public policy concern. Research conducted among at-risk people in the UK reveals that even vulnerable people do not perceive themselves as at risk of extreme heat; therefore, early warnings of extreme heat events do not perform as intended. This suggests that understanding how extreme heat is narrated is very important. The news media play a central role in this process and can help warn people about the potential danger, as well as about impacts on infrastructure and society.a)Protection from heat waves is important but current reports and public policies seem ineffective.b)People are vulnerable to heatwaves caused due to climate change, measures taken are ineffective.c)Heatwaves pose an enormous risk; the media plays a pivotal role in alerting people to this danger.d)News stories help in warning about heatwaves, but they have to become more effective.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.Heatwaves are becoming longer, frequent and intense due to climate change. The impacts of extreme heat are unevenly experienced; with older people and young children, those with pre-existing medical conditions and on low incomes significantly more vulnerable. Adaptation to heatwaves is a significant public policy concern. Research conducted among at-risk people in the UK reveals that even vulnerable people do not perceive themselves as at risk of extreme heat; therefore, early warnings of extreme heat events do not perform as intended. This suggests that understanding how extreme heat is narrated is very important. The news media play a central role in this process and can help warn people about the potential danger, as well as about impacts on infrastructure and society.a)Protection from heat waves is important but current reports and public policies seem ineffective.b)People are vulnerable to heatwaves caused due to climate change, measures taken are ineffective.c)Heatwaves pose an enormous risk; the media plays a pivotal role in alerting people to this danger.d)News stories help in warning about heatwaves, but they have to become more effective.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.Heatwaves are becoming longer, frequent and intense due to climate change. The impacts of extreme heat are unevenly experienced; with older people and young children, those with pre-existing medical conditions and on low incomes significantly more vulnerable. Adaptation to heatwaves is a significant public policy concern. Research conducted among at-risk people in the UK reveals that even vulnerable people do not perceive themselves as at risk of extreme heat; therefore, early warnings of extreme heat events do not perform as intended. This suggests that understanding how extreme heat is narrated is very important. The news media play a central role in this process and can help warn people about the potential danger, as well as about impacts on infrastructure and society.a)Protection from heat waves is important but current reports and public policies seem ineffective.b)People are vulnerable to heatwaves caused due to climate change, measures taken are ineffective.c)Heatwaves pose an enormous risk; the media plays a pivotal role in alerting people to this danger.d)News stories help in warning about heatwaves, but they have to become more effective.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.Heatwaves are becoming longer, frequent and intense due to climate change. The impacts of extreme heat are unevenly experienced; with older people and young children, those with pre-existing medical conditions and on low incomes significantly more vulnerable. Adaptation to heatwaves is a significant public policy concern. Research conducted among at-risk people in the UK reveals that even vulnerable people do not perceive themselves as at risk of extreme heat; therefore, early warnings of extreme heat events do not perform as intended. This suggests that understanding how extreme heat is narrated is very important. The news media play a central role in this process and can help warn people about the potential danger, as well as about impacts on infrastructure and society.a)Protection from heat waves is important but current reports and public policies seem ineffective.b)People are vulnerable to heatwaves caused due to climate change, measures taken are ineffective.c)Heatwaves pose an enormous risk; the media plays a pivotal role in alerting people to this danger.d)News stories help in warning about heatwaves, but they have to become more effective.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? tests, examples and also practice CAT tests.
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