Volume and Direction of Foreign Trade in India at the Time of Independence
Foreign trade in India at the time of independence was characterized by low volume and limited direction due to the impact of colonial rule.

Volume of Foreign Trade
- The volume of foreign trade in India was relatively low at the time of independence.
- India's trade was mainly focused on exporting raw materials such as jute, cotton, and tea, while importing manufactured goods from Britain.
- The trade balance was heavily skewed in favor of imports, leading to a significant trade deficit.

Direction of Foreign Trade
- The direction of foreign trade in India was largely determined by colonial policies that favored British interests.
- India's trade was primarily with Britain and other colonial powers, with limited diversification in terms of trading partners.
- The colonial government imposed restrictions on Indian trade, hindering the development of domestic industries and limiting the scope for international trade.
Overall, the volume and direction of foreign trade in India at the time of independence were constrained by colonial policies and the dominance of British interests. The focus on exporting raw materials and importing manufactured goods contributed to an imbalanced trade relationship that needed to be addressed in the post-independence era.