Reasons why stomata are mostly found on the ventral sides of leaves:
Stomata are tiny openings found on the surface of leaves that are responsible for gas exchange in plants. Here are the reasons why stomata are mostly found on the ventral (lower) sides of leaves:

1. Reduction of water loss:
- Stomata on the lower surface of leaves help in reducing water loss through transpiration. Since the lower surface is shaded and less exposed to direct sunlight, it helps in minimizing water loss compared to the upper surface.

2. Protection from excessive sunlight:
- The ventral side of leaves is less exposed to direct sunlight compared to the dorsal side. Placing stomata on the lower surface helps in protecting the stomatal openings from excessive sunlight, which can lead to faster water loss through transpiration.

3. Efficient gas exchange:
- Placing stomata on the ventral side of leaves ensures efficient gas exchange. Since the lower surface is more sheltered and protected, it allows for better regulation of gas exchange processes such as photosynthesis and respiration.

4. Prevention of dust accumulation:
- Stomata on the ventral side of leaves are less likely to accumulate dust and other pollutants compared to the dorsal side. This ensures that the stomatal openings remain clear and functional for optimal gas exchange.
In conclusion, the placement of stomata on the ventral sides of leaves is crucial for maintaining efficient gas exchange, reducing water loss, and protecting the stomatal openings from environmental factors.