The process of turning liquid into vapour it called as evoporation. temperature, humidity, surface area of liquid exposed to atmosphere and wind speed are the affecting factors of evaporation.

What is Evaporation?

Evaporation is a natural process in which a liquid substance is transformed into a gaseous state due to the increase in temperature. It occurs when the molecules of a liquid gain enough energy to overcome the forces of attraction between them and escape into the surrounding environment as vapor.

Factors Affecting Evaporation:

1. Temperature:
- Evaporation is directly proportional to temperature. As the temperature rises, the kinetic energy of the liquid molecules increases, leading to more frequent collisions and higher chances of escape into the gas phase.
- Higher temperatures provide more energy to the liquid, resulting in faster evaporation rates.

2. Surface Area:
- Evaporation is inversely proportional to surface area. A larger surface area exposes more liquid molecules to the surrounding environment, increasing the chances of evaporation.
- A larger surface area allows for more molecules to escape into the gas phase, leading to faster evaporation.

3. Humidity:
- Humidity refers to the amount of moisture present in the air. It is the measure of water vapor present in the atmosphere.
- Evaporation is inversely proportional to humidity. When the air is already saturated with water vapor, it becomes harder for additional molecules to escape from the liquid, slowing down the evaporation process.
- In regions with high humidity, evaporation rates are generally slower compared to areas with low humidity.

4. Air Movement:
- The presence of air movement or wind enhances evaporation. When air moves over the surface of a liquid, it carries away the water vapor molecules, replacing them with drier air.
- This continuous movement of air helps maintain a concentration gradient, allowing for faster evaporation rates.

5. Nature of the Liquid:
- Different liquids have different rates of evaporation due to variations in their molecular structures and intermolecular forces.
- Liquids with weaker intermolecular forces, such as alcohol, evaporate more quickly compared to liquids with stronger intermolecular forces, such as water.

6. Atmospheric Pressure:
- Atmospheric pressure affects the boiling point of a liquid, which indirectly influences evaporation rates.
- Higher atmospheric pressure raises the boiling point of a liquid, making it harder for molecules to escape into the gas phase. Lower atmospheric pressure decreases the boiling point, facilitating evaporation.

In conclusion, evaporation is the process of liquid molecules escaping into the gas phase. It is influenced by factors such as temperature, surface area, humidity, air movement, nature of the liquid, and atmospheric pressure. Understanding these factors helps us comprehend and predict the rate at which evaporation occurs.