Conduction requires a medium through which heat can be transferred from one particle to another, typically occurring in solids.

Heat transfer by conduction requires a medium through which the heat can be transferred. Let's break down the explanation into key points.

Medium
- In order for heat to be transferred by conduction, there must be a medium through which the heat can travel. This medium can be a solid, liquid, or gas.
- The molecules in the medium are in direct contact with each other, allowing them to transfer energy from one molecule to another through collisions.

Vacuum
- A vacuum, which is the absence of any medium, does not allow for conduction to occur. This is because there are no molecules present to transfer the heat energy.
- In a vacuum, heat transfer can only occur through radiation, as there is no medium for conduction or convection.

No Medium
- Without a medium, there is no way for heat to be conducted from one place to another. The absence of a medium prevents the transfer of heat through conduction.
- This is why conduction requires a medium through which the heat can travel, as the molecules in the medium facilitate the transfer of energy.

Radiation
- Radiation is another form of heat transfer that does not require a medium. Instead, heat is transferred through electromagnetic waves.
- While conduction requires a medium for the transfer of heat, radiation can occur in a vacuum or through empty space.
In conclusion, heat transfer by conduction requires a medium through which the heat can be conducted. Without a medium, such as a solid, liquid, or gas, conduction cannot take place.