Antigen vs Antibody
Antigen:
Antigen is a foreign substance that enters the body and triggers the immune system to produce an immune response.
- Antigens can be molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, or lipids that are present on the surface of pathogens like bacteria, viruses, or parasites.
- The immune system recognizes antigens as foreign invaders and produces antibodies to neutralize or destroy them.
- Examples of antigens include toxins produced by bacteria, viral proteins, and pollen.
- Antigens can also be substances introduced into the body through vaccines to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies.
Antibody:
Antibody, also known as immunoglobulin, is a protein produced by the immune system in response to the presence of antigens.
- Antibodies are Y-shaped molecules that specifically bind to antigens and help to neutralize or eliminate them from the body.
- Each type of antibody is designed to recognize a specific antigen, creating a highly targeted immune response.
- Antibodies can also activate other immune cells to help in the destruction of antigens.
- There are different classes of antibodies, such as IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, and IgD, each with specific functions in the immune response.
- Antibodies play a crucial role in protecting the body against infections and diseases by targeting and eliminating harmful antigens.
In summary, antigens are foreign substances that trigger the immune response, while antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to specifically bind to and neutralize antigens. Together, antigens and antibodies form the basis of the body's immune defense mechanism against pathogens.