Positivism
Positivism is an approach based on scientific methods and analysis. It emphasizes empirical observation and the use of quantitative data to understand and explain social phenomena. Positivism relies on the idea that social reality can be studied objectively and that researchers can discover universal laws that govern human behavior.

Characteristics of Positivism:
- Emphasis on empirical observation: Positivism focuses on observable facts and data that can be measured and analyzed.
- Use of scientific methods: Positivist researchers use systematic and structured methods to collect and analyze data, such as surveys, experiments, and statistical techniques.
- Objectivity: Positivism strives for objectivity in research, aiming to eliminate bias and personal interpretation from the analysis.
- Generalizability: Positivist research seeks to identify patterns and regularities that can be applied to a larger population or context.
- Causality: Positivism aims to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables, seeking to explain social phenomena through empirical evidence.

Advantages of Positivism:
- Rigorous methodology: Positivism provides a structured and systematic approach to research, ensuring reliable and valid results.
- Scientific credibility: By using scientific methods and analysis, positivist research is viewed as credible and trustworthy.
- Replicability: Positivist studies can be replicated by other researchers to verify findings and ensure the reliability of results.
In conclusion, positivism is an approach that is grounded in scientific methods and analysis, providing a rigorous and systematic framework for studying social phenomena.

Positivism is based on scientific methods and analysis, focusing on observable events and acquiring knowledge through scientific means.