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Which of the following points differentiates Skinner from other S-R theorists?
- a)His operant conditioning (type R learning)
- b)His schedule of reinforcement
- c)His way of shaping behaviour
- d)All of these
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
Which of the following points differentiates Skinner from other S-R th...
Operant Conditioning: Skinner (1904-1990) is the psychologist who has done the most to develop and apply the ideas originally proposed by Thorndike. Skinner continued and expanded Thorndike’s work and is credited with developing the theory we now call Operant Conditioning.
- Contrary to the theories of both Watson and Pavlov (S-R theorists), Skinner believed that behaviors are manipulated when they are followed by either positive or negative reinforcement based on the schedule of reinforcement and the way of shaping behavior.
- Whenever the lever is pressed, the animal is reinforced immediately by the application of a reward such as food. By progressively reinforcing the operant that comes closest to the goal behavior, a process called shaping.
- The reinforcement schedule refers to a set of rules which is used to increase the occurrence of acceptable behavior.
- Positive reinforcement increases desired behaviors by following them with rewards. For example, if rat food is dispensed every time a rat pushes a pedal, it will repeatedly push that same pedal to get more edible treats. The action of pushing the pedal, the desired behavior, has been reinforced with food.
- Negative reinforcement increases desired behaviors by allowing subjects to escape punishment through their performance. For example, if a rat received a painful electrical jolt that would not cease unless it pressed a pedal, it would begin to press it quickly following each initial jolt to relieve its pain. The action of pushing the pedal, the desired behavior, has again been reinforced, though by a different method than before.
Hence, we can conclude that all points differentiate Skinner from other S-R theorists.
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Which of the following points differentiates Skinner from other S-R theorists?a)His operant conditioning (type R learning)b)His schedule of reinforcementc)His way of shaping behaviourd)All of theseCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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