The process of converting alkyl halides into alcohols involves_____________.a)rearrangement reactionb)substitution reactionc)dehydrohalogenation reactiond)addition reactionCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Answer

The process of converting alkyl halides into alcohol involves substitution reaction that is

R-X + KOH -> R-OH +KX

Answer

Yes cl remove & OH add....this is substitutions rexn

Answer

B

Answer

Substitution Reaction:
Substitution reactions are a type of organic reaction in which an atom or a group of atoms in a molecule is replaced by another atom or group of atoms. Alkyl halides, also known as haloalkanes, are compounds that contain a halogen atom (such as chlorine, bromine, or iodine) bonded to an alkyl group (a hydrocarbon chain). When alkyl halides are converted into alcohols, a substitution reaction takes place.

Nucleophilic Substitution:
The most common type of substitution reaction involved in the conversion of alkyl halides to alcohols is nucleophilic substitution. In this reaction, a nucleophile (a species with a lone pair of electrons) replaces the halogen atom in the alkyl halide.

Reaction Mechanism:
The nucleophilic substitution reaction proceeds through a two-step mechanism: the first step is the formation of a carbon-halogen bond, and the second step is the breaking of the carbon-halogen bond and formation of the carbon-oxygen bond.

1. Nucleophilic attack: The nucleophile attacks the carbon atom bonded to the halogen, causing the carbon-halogen bond to break. This results in the formation of an intermediate species called a carbocation.

2. Deprotonation: The carbocation then undergoes deprotonation, where a base abstracts a proton from a nearby molecule, leading to the formation of the alcohol product.

Example:
As an example, let's consider the conversion of ethyl bromide (an alkyl halide) into ethanol (an alcohol) using a nucleophilic substitution reaction.

1. The nucleophile, such as hydroxide ion (OH-), attacks the carbon atom bonded to the bromine in ethyl bromide.

2. The carbon-bromine bond breaks, forming a carbocation intermediate.

3. The carbocation undergoes deprotonation, with a base abstracting a proton from a water molecule.

4. The resulting product is ethanol, in which the bromine atom has been replaced by a hydroxyl group (OH).

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the process of converting alkyl halides into alcohols involves a substitution reaction, specifically nucleophilic substitution. This reaction proceeds through a two-step mechanism, involving nucleophilic attack and deprotonation. By replacing the halogen atom with a hydroxyl group, alkyl halides can be converted into alcohols.

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