Ingestion:
- Cows consume food through their mouth, where it is chewed and mixed with saliva to form a bolus.
- The bolus then travels down the esophagus to the stomach for further digestion.

Digestion:
- In the stomach, the food mixes with digestive enzymes and acids to break down proteins and fats.
- From the stomach, the food moves to the small intestine where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream.
- The remaining indigestible material moves to the large intestine for further processing.

Absorption:
- In the small intestine, nutrients such as sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids are absorbed through the intestinal walls and into the bloodstream.
- These nutrients are then transported to various cells in the body to provide energy and support growth.

Assimilation:
- Once absorbed, nutrients are used by the cow's body for various functions such as growth, repair, and energy production.
- Nutrients are broken down further into smaller molecules that can be used by the cells for metabolic processes.

Egestion:
- Waste products, including undigested food and other indigestible materials, are formed into feces in the large intestine.
- The feces are then expelled from the cow's body through the rectum and anus as egestion, completing the process of nutrition.