Salient Features of Robespierre's Government
Robespierre's government, particularly during the Reign of Terror from 1793 to 1794, marked a pivotal period in the French Revolution. Below are its key features:
1. Radical Changes in Governance
- Establishment of the Committee of Public Safety to oversee the revolution and protect it from perceived enemies.
- Centralization of power in a dictatorial manner, with Robespierre emerging as a leading figure.
2. The Reign of Terror
- Implementation of the Reign of Terror (September 1793 - July 1794) to eliminate opposition.
- Use of guillotine as a symbol of justice, leading to the execution of thousands, including political rivals like Georges Danton.
3. Revolutionary Ideals
- Promotion of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity, emphasizing the need for virtuous governance.
- Establishment of universal male suffrage and efforts to create a more egalitarian society.
4. Economic Reforms
- Introduction of price controls on essential goods to combat inflation and ensure food security.
- Support for the sans-culottes, the working-class revolutionaries, to maintain popular support.
5. De-Christianization Efforts
- Campaign against the influence of the Catholic Church, promoting the Cult of the Supreme Being as a form of civic religion.
- Closure of churches and removal of religious symbols to enforce secularism.
6. Downfall and Legacy
- The extreme measures led to growing discontent, resulting in Robespierre's arrest and execution on July 28, 1794.
- His government left a complex legacy, highlighting the tension between revolutionary ideals and authoritarian practices.