The instruction pipeline of a RISC processor has the following stages: Instruction Fetch (IF), Instruction Decode (ID), Operand Fetch (OF), Perform Operation (PO) and Writeback (WB). The IF, ID, OF and WB stages take 1 clock cycle each for every instruction. Consider a sequence of 100 instructions. In the PO stage, 40 instructions take 3 clock cycles each, 35 instructions take 2 clock cycles each, and the remaining 25 instructions take 1 clock cycle each. Assume that there are no data hazards and no control hazards.The number of clock cycles required for completion of execution of the sequence of instructions is ______.a)219b)215c)300d)405Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? - EduRev Computer Science Engineering (CSE) Question

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The instruction pipeline of a RISC processor has the following stages: Instruction Fetch (IF), Instruction Decode (ID), Operand Fetch (OF), Perform Operation (PO) and Writeback (WB). The IF, ID, OF and WB stages take 1 clock cycle each for every instruction. Consider a sequence of 100 instructions. In the PO stage, 40 instructions take 3 clock cycles each, 35 instructions take 2 clock cycles each, and the remaining 25 instructions take 1 clock cycle each. Assume that there are no data hazards and no control hazards.

The number of clock cycles required for completion of execution of the sequence of instructions is ______.

a)
219
b)
215
c)
300
d)
405

Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

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The instruction pipeline of a RISC processor has the following stages:...

Total Instruction = 100

Instruction Fetch, Instruction Decode, Operand Fetch, and Writeback (WB) performed in 1 cycle.

PO stage:

40 instructions take 3 cycle

35 instructions take 2 cycles

25 instructions take 1 cycle

Average number of cycles = (40*3+35*2+25*1)/100 = 2.15 cycles.

On an average first instruction completed in 1+1+1+1+2.15 cycles

Remaining 99 instruction will takes 99*2.15 = 212.85 cycle

Total number of cycles is 6.15+212.85 = 219 cycles.

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The instruction pipeline of a RISC processor has the following stages:...

Understanding the RISC Pipeline Stages
To calculate the total clock cycles required for executing a sequence of 100 instructions in the given RISC processor pipeline, we need to analyze each stage and the time taken for the Perform Operation (PO) stage.
Pipeline Stages Breakdown
- Instruction Fetch (IF): 1 cycle per instruction
- Instruction Decode (ID): 1 cycle per instruction
- Operand Fetch (OF): 1 cycle per instruction
- Perform Operation (PO): Variable cycles per instruction
- Writeback (WB): 1 cycle per instruction
Calculating Clock Cycles
1. Fixed Stages:
- Each instruction goes through IF, ID, OF, and WB, which takes a total of 4 cycles per instruction.
- For 100 instructions: 100 * 4 = 400 cycles.
2. Perform Operation (PO) Stage:
- 40 instructions take 3 cycles each: 40 * 3 = 120 cycles
- 35 instructions take 2 cycles each: 35 * 2 = 70 cycles
- 25 instructions take 1 cycle each: 25 * 1 = 25 cycles
Total for PO stage: 120 + 70 + 25 = 215 cycles.
Final Calculation
- Total clock cycles = (400 cycles from fixed stages) + (215 cycles from PO) = 400 + 215 = 615 cycles.
However, since the pipeline allows overlapping of stages, we need to account for the initial delays and overlaps. The first instruction will take 4 cycles before the next instruction can enter the pipeline, leading to a total of:
- Total clock cycles = 4 (initial) + 215 (overlap) = 219 cycles.
Conclusion
The total number of clock cycles required for the completion of execution of the sequence of instructions is 219 cycles, hence the correct answer is option 'A'.

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