The Earth's atmosphere is a complex layer of gases surrounding our planet, playing a crucial role in supporting life. It is divided into several distinct layers, each with unique characteristics.
1. Troposphere
- This is the lowest layer, extending from the Earth's surface up to about 8-15 kilometers.
- It contains approximately 75% of the atmosphere's mass and is where all weather phenomena occur.
- Temperature decreases with altitude, making it cooler as you go higher.
2. Stratosphere
- Located above the troposphere, it stretches from about 15 to 50 kilometers.
- Contains the ozone layer, which absorbs and scatters ultraviolet solar radiation.
- The temperature increases with altitude due to the absorption of radiation by ozone.
3. Mesosphere
- Extending from 50 to 85 kilometers above the Earth, this layer is where most meteors burn up upon entering the atmosphere.
- The temperature decreases with altitude, reaching the coldest temperatures in the atmosphere.
4. Thermosphere
- This layer ranges from 85 to 600 kilometers and is characterized by a significant increase in temperature.
- It contains the ionosphere, which is vital for radio communication and reflects radio waves back to Earth.
- The northern and southern lights (auroras) occur in this layer.
5. Exosphere
- The outermost layer, beginning around 600 kilometers and gradually transitioning into outer space.
- It is very thin and contains extremely low densities of hydrogen and helium.
- Satellites orbit within this layer, making it crucial for telecommunications.
Understanding these layers helps us appreciate the complexity of our atmosphere and its importance for life on Earth.