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In Castner Kellner cell:
- a)Hg is cathode and carbon is anode
- b)Hg is cathode and anode
- c)Carbon is anode and cathode
- d)Hg is anode and carbon is cathode
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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In Castner Kellner cell:a)Hg is cathode and carbon is anodeb)Hg is cat...
An electrolytic cell used industrially for the production of sodium hydroxide. The usually iron cell is filled with brine (sodium chloride solution) and employs liquid mercury as the cathode. The sodium liberated there forms an amalgam with the mercury, which is run off and reacted with water to give sodium hydroxide (and hydrogen); the mercury is then re-used. Chlorine gas produced at the anode is another valuable by-product.
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In Castner Kellner cell:a)Hg is cathode and carbon is anodeb)Hg is cat...
In castner-kellner method NaOH is prepared by the electrolysis of aqueous solution of NaCl(Brine).
Concentration of brine
25 % mass/mass
i.e. 25 gm of NaCl is dissolved in 75 gm of water.
Castner-kellner cell
It is a rectangular tank of steel.
Inside of tank is lined with "ebonite".
Anode is made of titanium.
Flowing layer of mercury (Hg) at the bottom of tank serves as cathode.
Details of process
Ionization of NaCl
2NaCl è 2Na+ + 2Cl-
When electric current is passed through brine, +ve and -ve ions migrate towards their respective electrodes. Na+ions are discharged at mercury cathode. The sodium deposited at mercury forms SODIUM AMALGAM. Chlorine produced at the anode is removed from the top of the cell.
Reaction at cathode
2Na+ +2 e- è 2Na
Na forms amalgam.
Na + Hg è Na/Hg
Na+ ions are discharged in preference to H+ ions due to high over voltage.
Na+/Na: E.P. = -2.71 volt
H+/H : E.P. = 0.00 volt
Reaction at anode
2Cl- è Cl2 + 2e-
Formation of NaOH
Amalgam moves to another chamber called "denuder", where it is treated with water to produce NaOH which is in liquid state. Solid NaOH is obtained by the evaporation of this solution.
2Na/Hg + 2H2O è 2NaOH + H2 + 2Hg
Advantages of castner's process
NaOH obtained is highly pure.
The process is very efficient.
Possible reaction between NaOH and Cl2 is avoided as NaOH is obtained in a separated chamber.
Disadvantages
High electricity consumption.
Environmental pollution due to escape of Hg vapours.
Concentration of brine
25 % mass/mass
i.e. 25 gm of NaCl is dissolved in 75 gm of water.
Castner-kellner cell
It is a rectangular tank of steel.
Inside of tank is lined with "ebonite".
Anode is made of titanium.
Flowing layer of mercury (Hg) at the bottom of tank serves as cathode.
Details of process
Ionization of NaCl
2NaCl è 2Na+ + 2Cl-
When electric current is passed through brine, +ve and -ve ions migrate towards their respective electrodes. Na+ions are discharged at mercury cathode. The sodium deposited at mercury forms SODIUM AMALGAM. Chlorine produced at the anode is removed from the top of the cell.
Reaction at cathode
2Na+ +2 e- è 2Na
Na forms amalgam.
Na + Hg è Na/Hg
Na+ ions are discharged in preference to H+ ions due to high over voltage.
Na+/Na: E.P. = -2.71 volt
H+/H : E.P. = 0.00 volt
Reaction at anode
2Cl- è Cl2 + 2e-
Formation of NaOH
Amalgam moves to another chamber called "denuder", where it is treated with water to produce NaOH which is in liquid state. Solid NaOH is obtained by the evaporation of this solution.
2Na/Hg + 2H2O è 2NaOH + H2 + 2Hg
Advantages of castner's process
NaOH obtained is highly pure.
The process is very efficient.
Possible reaction between NaOH and Cl2 is avoided as NaOH is obtained in a separated chamber.
Disadvantages
High electricity consumption.
Environmental pollution due to escape of Hg vapours.
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In Castner Kellner cell:a)Hg is cathode and carbon is anodeb)Hg is cat...
Castner-Kellner cell
The Castner-Kellner cell is an electrolytic cell used in the production of sodium metal by the Castner-Kellner process. This process involves the electrolysis of a solution of sodium hydroxide in water.
Cathode and Anode
In the Castner-Kellner cell, mercury is used as the cathode and carbon is used as the anode. The electrolyte used is a solution of sodium hydroxide in water.
Explanation
The process of electrolysis involves the use of an electric current to break down a compound into its constituent elements. In the Castner-Kellner cell, the sodium hydroxide is broken down into sodium and hydroxide ions.
At the cathode, the mercury receives electrons from the sodium ions and is reduced to form liquid sodium. This liquid sodium collects at the bottom of the cell.
At the anode, the carbon gives up electrons to the hydroxide ions, and oxygen gas is produced. The oxygen gas bubbles up and is collected at the top of the cell.
The net result of the electrolysis is the production of liquid sodium and gaseous oxygen. The Castner-Kellner process is an important method for the production of sodium metal, which is used in a variety of industrial applications.
The Castner-Kellner cell is an electrolytic cell used in the production of sodium metal by the Castner-Kellner process. This process involves the electrolysis of a solution of sodium hydroxide in water.
Cathode and Anode
In the Castner-Kellner cell, mercury is used as the cathode and carbon is used as the anode. The electrolyte used is a solution of sodium hydroxide in water.
Explanation
The process of electrolysis involves the use of an electric current to break down a compound into its constituent elements. In the Castner-Kellner cell, the sodium hydroxide is broken down into sodium and hydroxide ions.
At the cathode, the mercury receives electrons from the sodium ions and is reduced to form liquid sodium. This liquid sodium collects at the bottom of the cell.
At the anode, the carbon gives up electrons to the hydroxide ions, and oxygen gas is produced. The oxygen gas bubbles up and is collected at the top of the cell.
The net result of the electrolysis is the production of liquid sodium and gaseous oxygen. The Castner-Kellner process is an important method for the production of sodium metal, which is used in a variety of industrial applications.
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