Evidence of Trade in the Indus Valley Civilization
The Indus Valley Civilization, known for its advanced urban planning and culture, also engaged in trade with other countries. Several pieces of evidence support this assertion.
1. Archaeological Findings
- Trade Goods: Archaeologists have discovered various artifacts, such as beads, metals, and pottery, indicating that the Indus Valley people traded goods both locally and internationally.
- Weights and Measures: The existence of standardized weights suggests a sophisticated trading system, used to measure goods accurately.
2. Seals and Inscriptions
- Indus Seals: Seals made of steatite, often inscribed with animal motifs and script, have been found in Mesopotamia, indicating that these seals were used for trade and were recognized by other cultures.
- Cultural Exchange: Some seals depict motifs that are not native to the Indus Valley, suggesting interaction with other civilizations, particularly in the Mesopotamian region.
3. Maritime Trade
- Harbors: Evidence of dockyards, especially at sites like Lothal, indicates an organized maritime trading network. This allowed the Indus Valley people to engage in trade with distant lands.
- Goods Transported: Items such as cotton, spices, and semi-precious stones were likely transported via sea routes.
4. Historical Texts
- References in Ancient Texts: Ancient writings from neighboring civilizations, like Mesopotamia, mention trade relationships with the people of the Indus Valley, further confirming their trading activities.
In conclusion, through archaeological evidence, inscriptions, maritime infrastructure, and historical texts, it is clear that the Indus Valley people engaged in extensive trade with other countries, making them a significant part of ancient global commerce.