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In a farm , school,cottage industry, how to differentiate between working and fixed capital?
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In a farm , school,cottage industry, how to differentiate between work...
Understanding Working and Fixed Capital
In various sectors like farms, schools, and cottage industries, capital can be classified as either working capital or fixed capital. Here’s how to differentiate between the two:
Working Capital
Working capital refers to the funds used for day-to-day operations. It is essential for maintaining liquidity and managing short-term expenses.
  • Definition: Capital used for daily operational expenses.
  • Examples:
    • Raw materials for production in a cottage industry.
    • Salaries and wages for farm workers.
    • Utility bills in a school.

  • Characteristics:
    • Short-term in nature.
    • Used repeatedly within a financial year.


Fixed Capital
Fixed capital refers to the long-term investments that are not easily converted into cash and are used over several years.
  • Definition: Capital invested in long-term assets.
  • Examples:
    • Machinery and equipment in a cottage industry.
    • Buildings and land on a farm.
    • Classroom furniture and infrastructure in a school.

  • Characteristics:
    • Long-term in nature.
    • Used over multiple financial years.


Conclusion
Understanding the distinction between working and fixed capital is crucial for effective financial management in any sector. Working capital ensures smooth daily operations, while fixed capital is vital for long-term sustainability and growth.
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