Tomorrow is my social exam history geography and civics the lessons ar...
From Gathering to Growing Food
- Early humans transitioned from nomadic lifestyles to settled farming communities.
- The domestication of plants and animals marked the beginning of agriculture.
- This shift led to the establishment of the earliest cities, where food surpluses allowed for population growth and specialization of labor.
Kingdoms and Kings
- As societies grew, they organized into kingdoms, often led by kings who ruled with authority.
- Kings maintained control through military power and established laws to govern their people.
- The concept of divine right often justified their rule, claiming they were chosen by gods.
An Early Republic
- Early republics emerged as a response to monarchical rule, promoting the idea of shared governance.
- Citizens had a voice in decision-making, leading to a more participatory form of government.
- Examples include the Roman Republic, where elected officials represented the interests of the people.
Geography: Globe, Latitude, and Longitudes
- The globe is a spherical representation of Earth, showing continents and oceans.
- Latitude lines run horizontally, measuring distances north and south of the Equator.
- Longitude lines run vertically, measuring distances east and west of the Prime Meridian.
Motions of the Earth
- The Earth rotates on its axis, causing day and night cycles.
- It also revolves around the Sun, leading to seasonal changes as it orbits.
Civics: What is Government?
- Government is an organization that makes and enforces laws for a society.
- It maintains order, provides public services, and protects the rights of citizens.
Key Elements of a Democratic Government
- Elections: Citizens have the right to vote for their leaders.
- Rule of Law: Everyone is subject to the law, ensuring fairness.
- Rights of Citizens: Protection of individual freedoms and rights.
Panchayati Raj
- A system of local self-government in rural areas of India.
- It empowers villagers to participate in decision-making and governance.
- Comprises three levels: Gram Panchayat (village), Panchayat Samiti (block), and Zila Parishad (district).
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