Composite volcanoes are characterized by explosive eruptions, contrasting with the low explosivity of shield volcanoes.

Distinction Between Composite and Shield Volcanoes
Composite volcanoes and shield volcanoes are two distinct types of volcanoes that differ primarily in their eruptive behavior and physical characteristics.
Explosive Eruptions (Key Distinction)
- Composite volcanoes, also known as stratovolcanoes, are characterized by their steep profiles and explosive eruptions.
- These eruptions occur due to the high viscosity of the magma, which is typically andesitic to rhyolitic in composition. This viscosity traps gases, leading to significant pressure build-up and explosive release.
Low Explosivity
- In contrast, shield volcanoes have gentle slopes and are primarily built from low-viscosity basaltic lava flows.
- The low viscosity allows gases to escape easily, resulting in non-explosive eruptions that produce broad, shield-like structures.
Basaltic Composition
- Shield volcanoes are predominantly composed of basalt, which is a fluid lava that spreads over large areas.
- Composite volcanoes, conversely, contain a mixture of lava flows, ash, and other volcanic materials, contributing to their more complex structure.
Lack of Pyroclastic Material
- While shield volcanoes may produce some pyroclastic material, it is minimal compared to the abundant pyroclastic flows and tephra associated with composite volcanoes.
- This difference in eruptive style is essential for understanding the potential hazards and landscape features associated with each type of volcano.
In summary, the main distinguishing feature of composite volcanoes is their tendency for explosive eruptions due to gas accumulation in more viscous magma. This contrasts with the more effusive eruptions typical of shield volcanoes, which have a lower risk of explosive activity.