Explanation:
Furrow irrigation is the method in which water enters the field through channels made between two rows of crops. In this method, small channels or furrows are created between the rows of crops, allowing water to flow directly to the root zone of the plants.

Here is a detailed explanation of furrow irrigation:

1. Definition of Furrow Irrigation: Furrow irrigation is a type of surface irrigation where water is applied to the field by letting it flow in small channels or furrows between the rows of crops.

2. How it works: Furrow irrigation works by creating small channels or furrows between the rows of crops. These furrows are usually made using plows or shovels. The furrows are aligned with the slope of the field to ensure proper water distribution.

3. Water Application: Once the furrows are created, water is released into the top end of the field. The water flows down the furrows and infiltrates into the soil, reaching the root zone of the crops. The flow rate and duration of water application are carefully controlled to ensure proper irrigation.

4. Advantages of Furrow Irrigation:
- Efficient water use: Furrow irrigation allows water to be applied directly to the root zone of plants, minimizing water loss due to evaporation or runoff.
- Easy to implement: Furrow irrigation is a relatively simple and low-cost method that can be easily adopted by farmers.
- Suitable for row crops: This method is particularly suitable for row crops like maize, cotton, soybeans, etc., where the furrows can be aligned with the crop rows.

5. Limitations of Furrow Irrigation:
- Uneven distribution: If the furrows are not properly aligned or leveled, there can be uneven distribution of water across the field, leading to some areas being over-irrigated while others are under-irrigated.
- Soil erosion: If the slope of the field is steep, furrow irrigation can lead to soil erosion as the water flows rapidly down the furrows.
- Labor-intensive: Creating and maintaining the furrows requires manual labor, which can be time-consuming and labor-intensive.

In conclusion, furrow irrigation is a method where water is applied to the field through channels made between two rows of crops. It is an effective and widely used irrigation method for row crops, providing direct water supply to the root zone of plants.

Sprinkler system