Per Capita Water Demand

Per capita water demand refers to the amount of water consumed on average by an individual in a particular area. It is an important parameter used in water supply planning and management. The per capita water demand can vary depending on various factors such as population size, climate, economic activities, and lifestyle patterns.

The correct answer to the question is option 'D', which includes domestic, commercial, public, fire, and industrial demand. Let's discuss each of these components in detail:

1. Domestic Demand:
- Domestic demand refers to the water consumed by households for various purposes such as drinking, cooking, bathing, washing clothes, and sanitation.
- It is an essential component of per capita water demand as it represents the basic water requirements of individuals.

2. Commercial Demand:
- Commercial demand includes the water consumed by commercial establishments such as offices, shops, restaurants, and hotels.
- This may include water used for sanitation, cleaning, cooking, and other commercial activities.
- Commercial demand is significant in urban areas where commercial activities are prevalent.

3. Public Demand:
- Public demand refers to the water consumed by public facilities such as schools, hospitals, government buildings, and recreational areas.
- It includes water used for drinking fountains, restrooms, irrigation of parks, and other public amenities.

4. Fire Demand:
- Fire demand represents the water required for firefighting purposes.
- It includes the water used by fire departments to extinguish fires and protect life and property.
- Fire demand is an important consideration in water supply planning to ensure adequate water supply for emergency situations.

5. Industrial Demand:
- Industrial demand includes the water consumed by various industries for manufacturing processes, cooling systems, cleaning, and other industrial activities.
- Industrial demand can vary significantly depending on the type and scale of industries in the area.

Including all these components in per capita water demand provides a comprehensive estimate of the total water consumption in a given area. It helps in designing water supply infrastructure, determining water allocation strategies, and ensuring sustainable water management. By considering all these factors, option 'D' is the correct answer.