Consider the same recursive C function that takes two argumentsQ. What is the return value of the function foo when it is called as foo(513, 2)?a)9b)8c)5d)2Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

foo(513, 2) will return 1 + foo(256, 2). All subsequent recursive calls (including foo(256, 2)) will return 0 + foo(n/2, 2) except the last call foo(1, 2). The last call foo(1, 2) returns 1. So, the value returned by foo(513, 2) is 1 + 0 + 0…. + 0 + 1. The function foo(n, 2) basically returns sum of bits (or count of set bits) in the number n.

Answer

Here in foo(513,2), n=512 and r=2 so if block is executed as n>0, it gives 2+foo(256,2). Now foo(256,2) will return 0+foo(128,0) and so on. At last 0+foo(0,2) will return 0 and so does each function upto foo(256,2). So final result of foo(513,2) will be 2+0=2(option 2)

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