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How to find the Leavability of groups in Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction ? For Example: N2+ , -OTf , -OTs what is the order of Leavability of these groups in Nucleophilic Substitution ?
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How to find the Leavability of groups in Nucleophilic Substitution Rea...
Introduction:
Leaving groups are those groups that leave the molecule in the form of an anion or neutral molecule during a nucleophilic substitution reaction. The rate of nucleophilic substitution reaction is directly proportional to the leaving group ability of the group.

Order of Leavability:
The order of leavability can be determined by the following factors:
- Bond strength between the leaving group and the rest of the molecule
- Stability of the leaving group
- Electronegativity of the leaving group

In general, the order of leavability of the common leaving groups is as follows:
- Iodide > Bromide > Chloride > Fluoride
- Tosylate (-OTs) > Triflate (-OTf) > Iodide > Bromide > Chloride > Fluoride
- Acetate > Water

Explanation:
- N2: Nitrogen is a poor leaving group and is not commonly used in nucleophilic substitution reactions.
- -OTf: Triflate is a good leaving group due to its resonance stabilization and weak bond strength with the rest of the molecule. It is therefore highly reactive in nucleophilic substitution reactions.
- -OTs: Tosylate is an even better leaving group than triflate due to its greater stability and weaker bond strength with the rest of the molecule.

Therefore, the order of leavability of the given groups in nucleophilic substitution reactions is:
- -OTs > -OTf > N2

Conclusion:
The leavability of a group in nucleophilic substitution reactions depends on various factors such as bond strength, stability, and electronegativity. The order of leavability of common leaving groups can be used as a general guide to predict the reactivity of a molecule in nucleophilic substitution reactions.
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Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:Nucleophilic substitution reaction of haloalkane can be conducted according to both SN1 and SN2 mechanisms. However, which mechanism it is based on is related to such factors as the structure of haloalkane, and properties of leaving group, nucleophilic reagent and solvent. Influences of halogen: No matter which mechanism the nucleophilic substitution reaction is based on, the leaving group always leave the central carbon atom with electron pair. This is just the opposite of the situation that nucleophilic reagent attacks the central carbon atom with electron pair. Therefore, the weaker the alkalinity of leaving group is , the more stable the anion formed is and it will be more easier for the leaving group to leave the central carbon atom; that is to say, the reactant is more easier to be substituted. The alkalinity order of halogen ion is I− < Br− < Cl− < F− and the order of their leaving tendency should be I− > Br− > Cl− > F−. Therefore, in four halides with the same alkyl and different halogens, the order of substitution reaction rate is RI > RBr > RCl > RF. In addition, if the leaving group is very easy to leave, many carbocation intermediates are generated in the reaction and the reaction is based on SN1 mechanism. If the leaving group is not easy to leave, the reaction is based on SN2 mechanism. Influences of solvent polarity: In SN1 reaction, the polarity of the system increases from the reactant to the transition state, because polar solvent has a greater stabilizing effect on the transition state than the reactant, thereby reduce activation energy and accelerate the reaction. In SN2 reaction, the polarity of the system generally does not change from the reactant to the transition state and only charge dispersion occurs. At this time, polar solvent has a great stabilizing effect on Nu than the transition state, thereby increasing activation energy and slow down the reaction rate. For example, the decomposition rate (SN1) of tertiary chlorobutane in 25° water (dielectric constant 79) is 300000 times faster than in ethanol (dielectric constant 24). The reaction rate (SN2) of 2-bromopropane and NaOH in ethanol containing 40% water is twice slower than in absolute ethanol. In a word, the level of solvent polarity has influence on both SN1 and SN2 reactions, but with different results. Generally speaking, weak polar solvent is favorable for SN2 reaction, while strong polar solvent is favorable for SN1 reaction, because only under the action of polar solvent can halogenated hydrocarbon dissociate into carbocation and halogen ion and solvents with a strong polarity is favorable for solvation of carbocation, increasing its stability. Generally speaking, the substitution reaction of tertiary haloalkane is based on SN1 mechanism in solvents with a strong polarity (for example, ethanol containing water).Q. Polar solvents make the reaction faster as they

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How to find the Leavability of groups in Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction ? For Example: N2+ , -OTf , -OTs what is the order of Leavability of these groups in Nucleophilic Substitution ?
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How to find the Leavability of groups in Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction ? For Example: N2+ , -OTf , -OTs what is the order of Leavability of these groups in Nucleophilic Substitution ? for Class 12 2024 is part of Class 12 preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Class 12 exam syllabus. Information about How to find the Leavability of groups in Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction ? For Example: N2+ , -OTf , -OTs what is the order of Leavability of these groups in Nucleophilic Substitution ? covers all topics & solutions for Class 12 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for How to find the Leavability of groups in Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction ? For Example: N2+ , -OTf , -OTs what is the order of Leavability of these groups in Nucleophilic Substitution ?.
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