Equilibrium in Closed System

Equilibrium refers to a state in which no change occurs in the system over time. It can be attained in a closed system, which is a system that does not exchange matter with its surroundings. In a closed system, the total amount of matter and energy remains constant.

There are two types of equilibrium in a closed system:

1. Static equilibrium: In this type of equilibrium, there is no change in the system's state over time. The system is in a state of rest, and its energy is at a minimum. An example of static equilibrium is a ball resting at the bottom of a bowl.

2. Dynamic equilibrium: In this type of equilibrium, the system is changing over time, but the changes are balanced, and the system remains in a constant state. An example of dynamic equilibrium is a chemical reaction in which the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.

In a closed system, equilibrium can be attained through various processes, such as:

1. Chemical reactions: Chemical reactions can reach equilibrium when the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.

2. Physical changes: Physical changes, such as melting and boiling, can reach equilibrium when the rate of the forward change is equal to the rate of the reverse change.

3. Mechanical changes: Mechanical changes, such as the movement of a piston, can reach equilibrium when the force applied to the piston is balanced by an equal and opposite force.

In conclusion, equilibrium can be attained in a closed system, which is a system that does not exchange matter with its surroundings. In a closed system, equilibrium can be static or dynamic and can be attained through various processes such as chemical reactions, physical changes, and mechanical changes.