In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium. This includes: electromagnetic radiation, such as radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, and gamma radiation (γ)

What is Radiation?
Radiation is the emission and transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles. It is a natural phenomenon that occurs in various forms, including electromagnetic radiation, particle radiation, and acoustic radiation.
Types of Radiation
- Electromagnetic Radiation:
- Includes visible light, radio waves, microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.
- Travels at the speed of light and does not require a medium.
- Particle Radiation:
- Consists of particles such as alpha particles, beta particles, and neutrons.
- Often emitted from radioactive materials.
- Acoustic Radiation:
- Involves sound waves produced by vibrating objects.
- Requires a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to propagate.
Properties of Radiation
- Ionizing Radiation:
- Has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, creating ions.
- Examples include X-rays and gamma rays.
- Non-Ionizing Radiation:
- Includes lower-energy radiation that does not ionize atoms.
- Examples include radio waves and visible light.
Applications of Radiation
- Medical:
- Used in imaging techniques (X-rays, CT scans) and cancer treatments (radiotherapy).
- Industrial:
- Used for material testing, sterilization, and energy production in nuclear reactors.
- Scientific:
- Essential in research fields like astrophysics, chemistry, and biology.
Safety and Precautions
- Exposure Limits:
- Guidelines are established to minimize exposure to ionizing radiation.
- Protective Measures:
- Use of shielding, distance, and time management to reduce risk.
Understanding radiation and its effects is crucial for harnessing its benefits while ensuring safety in various applications.