In fractional distillation, what is the purpose of the beads packed in column?a)More liquid is distilled when beads are used in the column.b)To restrict the path of moving vapours.c)Beads provide surface for vapours to cool and condense repeatedly.d)Beads provide larger surface for heating.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Option C

Answer

Actually  when vapours come through the needs its time period increases due to increase in surface area hence it get easily condense

Answer

This method is used to separate the mixture of two miscible liquids where difference between their boiling points is less than 25 ºC. Also to separate a mixture of two or more miscible liquids for which the difference in boiling points is less than 25 K, fractional distillation process is used, for example, for the separation of different gases from air, different factions from petroleum products etc. The apparatus is similar to that for simple distillation, except that a fractionating column is fitted in between the distillation flask and the condenser. A simple fractionating column is a tube packed with glass beads. The beads provide surface for the vapours to cool and condense repeatedly, as shown in following figure.

Answer

Purpose of beads packed in column in fractional distillation:

The purpose of using beads packed in a column during fractional distillation is to provide a surface for vapors to cool and condense repeatedly. This process enhances the separation of different components in a mixture based on their boiling points.

1. Principle of fractional distillation:
Fractional distillation is a process used to separate a mixture of liquids with different boiling points. It takes advantage of the fact that each component in the mixture has its own unique boiling point. By heating the mixture, the liquid with the lowest boiling point vaporizes first, and as the temperature increases, the liquids with higher boiling points vaporize in turn.

2. The role of the column:
The column in fractional distillation is packed with beads or other materials to provide a large surface area. This increases the contact between the rising vapors and the cooler surfaces within the column. The beads help to create more surface area for condensation and vaporization, facilitating the separation process.

3. Surface area for condensation:
As the vapors rise through the column, they come into contact with the cooler surfaces provided by the beads. This contact causes the vapors to cool down, and as a result, some of the vapors condense back into their liquid state. The beads provide a larger surface area for this condensation to occur, allowing for more efficient separation of the components.

4. Surface area for vaporization:
In addition to condensation, the beads also provide a surface for vaporization. The condensed liquid that collects on the beads can be reheated by the rising vapors, leading to the re-evaporation of the liquid. This repeated cycle of condensation and vaporization helps to further separate the different components based on their boiling points.

5. Enhanced separation:
By providing a larger surface area for both condensation and vaporization, the beads packed in the column increase the efficiency of the separation process. The repeated cooling and reheating of the vapors ensure that each component gets multiple chances to condense and vaporize, leading to a more thorough separation of the mixture.

In conclusion, the purpose of using beads packed in the column during fractional distillation is to provide a surface for vapors to cool and condense repeatedly. This enhances the separation of components based on their boiling points and improves the efficiency of the distillation process.

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