*components of xylem are:
1) tracheids
2) vessels
3) xylem fibres
4) xylem parenchyma
*components of phloem are:
1) sieve cell/ sieve tube
2) companion cells
3) phloem fibres/ bast fibres
4) phloem parenchyma

Xylem Components:
- Xylem is a complex tissue that transports water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
- It is composed of several types of cells that work together to form a continuous network for water transport.

Tracheids:
- Tracheids are elongated cells with tapered ends that overlap. They are found in all vascular plants.
- They have pits on their walls that allow water to move from cell to cell.

Vessel Elements:
- Vessel elements are wider and shorter than tracheids, and they are found in angiosperms.
- They have perforations on their end walls, allowing for more efficient water transport.

Xylem Fibers:
- Xylem fibers provide structural support to the plant. They are elongated cells with thick walls.
- They do not conduct water but help in maintaining the overall strength of the xylem tissue.

Xylem Parenchyma:
- Xylem parenchyma cells are living cells that store starch, oils, and tannins.
- They also help in lateral conduction of water and nutrients within the xylem tissue.

Phloem Components:
- Phloem is responsible for transporting organic nutrients, such as sugars, from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
- It is composed of four main types of cells that work together to form a functional transport system.

Sieve Tube Elements:
- These are the main conducting cells of the phloem. They are elongated cells with perforated end walls called sieve plates.
- Sieve tube elements transport sugars and other organic molecules through their tubes.

Companion Cells:
- Companion cells are closely associated with sieve tube elements and provide metabolic support to these cells.
- They help maintain the function and integrity of the sieve tube elements.

Phloem Parenchyma:
- Phloem parenchyma cells are living cells that provide storage and support to the phloem tissue.
- They store starch and other nutrients and help in lateral transport within the phloem.

Phloem Fibers:
- Phloem fibers provide structural support to the phloem tissue, similar to xylem fibers.
- They have thick walls and do not participate in nutrient transport but help in maintaining the overall integrity of the tissue.